8 LIME-SULPHUR PREPARATIONS FOR APPLE DISEASES. 
only slightly, scarcely enough to be noticeable to the casual observer. 
At the rate of 2 gallons to 50 gallons of water with arsenate of lead 
this preparation injured the foliage considerably, so that a small per- 
centage of the leaves dropped off. (See Pl. I, fig. 1.) This injury 
was manifested by a slight scorching around the margins and at the. 
tips of the leaves, and in some cases by the formation of irregular 
brown spots. Even here, however, the injury was scarcely more 
severe than that caused by 3-3-50 Bordeaux mixture” on the same 
varieties. (See Pl. I, fig. 2.) 
At a strength of 2 to 50 without any poison the commercial solu- 
tion injured the foliage slightly more than the same mixture with the 
addition of arsenate of lead. Thesame is true of the 14 to 50 strength. 
The arsenate of lead apparently reduced the caustic properties of the 
sulphids, rendering the mixture less injurious to apple foliage. This 
is probably due to the fact that a portion of the sulphur is taken out 
of solution to combine with the lead, forming lead sulphid and arse- 
nate of lime. 
The same solution at a strength of 24 gallons to 50 gallons of water 
with and without arsenate of lead injured the foliage very badly, 
causing a partial defoliation of the trees. This is much too strong 
for use in the Eastern States, although Professor Beattie,? of Wash- 
ington State, recommended even a stronger solution. 
It appears from these tests that 2 gallons of the commercial solution 
to 50 gallons of water is the maximum strength that can be used 
on apple foliage with any degree of safety, and that 14 to 50 is much 
safer and is about as strong as one should risk in spraying a large 
orchard. 
The home-boiled solution, containing 5 pounds of sulphur and 23 
pounds of lime to 50 gallons of water, with 2 pounds of arsenate of 
lead, caused very little or practically no injury. This is practically 
the same as the commercial solution diluted to contain 2 gallons to 
50 gallons of water, but the foliage injury caused by the latter was 
more: conspicuous. 
The self-boiled lime-sulphur and arsenate of lead caused no injury 
whatever; in fact, the foliage sprayed with this mixture had a bright- 
green, vigorous appearance throughout the season. (See Pl. I, fig. 1.) 
The leaves were noticeably larger, the buds were plumper, and the 
trees made more growth than those sprayed with the other lime- 
sulphur preparations and with Bordeaux mixture. 
The Bordeaux mixture caused considerable spotting and R= 
of the leaves on the York Imperial, Ben Davis, and = ellow Newtown 

aw ie never orale ior Bondoats mixture are given in his paper, tie nae number 
indicates the number of pounds cf copper sulphate used; the second, the number of 
pounds of stone lime; and the last, the number of gallons ok water, 
6 Western Fruit Grower, January, 1909, pp. 6-7. 
(Cir. 54] 
