ve 
LIME-SULPHUR PREPARATIONS FOR APPLE DISEASES. ie 9 
but very little on the Winesap variety. Some of the injured leaves 
dropped from time to time, so that the foliage on many trees was some- 
what thinned out toward the end of the season, but the damage could 
not be considered very serious. 
THE CONTROL OF DISEASES. 
In the-orchards in Virginia where these experiments were con- 
ducted none of the apple diseases except leaf-spot developed to a 
serious extent, so that the test was not asevere one. The apple leaf- 
spot, so common throughout this State, was entirely controlled by all 
the mixtures used. The self-boiled lime-sulphur made the best show- 
ing in this connection, because it not only controlled the leaf-spot but 
did not injure the foliage, and apparently had a stimulating effect on 
the trees. (See PI.II.) All the lime-sulphur preparations, aswell asthe 
Bordeaux mixture, controlled the sooty fungus and an undetermined 
“fruit spot’? which was common the past season in Virginia. The 
weather was so dry after midsummer that bitter-rot did not develop 
sufficiently to test the value of the lime-sulphur sprays for its control. 
Considerable scab developed on the unsprayed Winesaps in the 
Fishersville orchard, so that a partial test of the efficacy of the several 
sprays in the control of this disease was afforded. Only one strength 
(2 to 50) of the commercial lime-sulphur was used on this variety. 
The crop from four trees in each of the more important plats was 
picked and sorted, and the results are shown in the following table: 
TaBLeE I.— Results of the use of lime-sulphur preparations and Bordeaux mixture with arsen- 
icals in the prevention of scab and codling-moth injury on Winesapapplesin Virginia. 




: : Ss 
No. of ee Z Secabby | Fruit injured by 
plat. | Spray muuciure used: fruit. codling moth. 
| ete 
Per cent. Per cent. 
2 | Commercial lime-sulphur solution (2 to 50) and Paris green. wie 0. 63 6.90 
3 | Commercial lime-sulphur solution (2 to 50) and arsenate oflead_ shi! if25 
4 | Self-boiled lime-sulphur solution (10-10-50) and arsenate of lead 3.70 1.40 
6 | Bordeaux mixture (3-3-50) and arsenate of lead. fee Mee ant ee i 2.15 53 
Sah ecletnOusprayed ener wera cene oe ck ea dN A ed 30. 27 36. 70 

It will be seen from this table that the scab was held down to less 
than 1 per cent of the crop by the commercial lime-sulphur, to 33 per 
cent by self-boiled lime-sulphur, and to about 2 per cent by Bordeaux 
mixture, and that 30 per cent of the unsprayed fruit was affected 
with the disease. This disease was well controlled by all the mixtures, 
but it will be noted that it was not particularly bad on the unsprayed 
trees, so that the test could not be considered a severe one. None 
of the Winesaps were sprayed with the weaker commercial prepara- 
tions nor with the home-boiled lime-sulphur. 
[Cir. 54] 
