TasLe 6.—WNet saw-timber value, etc-—Continued 
Forest condition 
Species | Total 
Saw Cord- 
timber wood ! 
Hardwoods: M bd. ft. M bd. ft. M bd. ft. | Percent 
Redemiap]e we sesea niet te oe 373 ,0V0 19,800 392,800 | 1.6 
iBlackeum te easnein sae 823 ,400 24,200 847 ,600 3.5 
Sweetgumuastesaee nes 989,500 31,700 | 1,021,200 4.2 
Yellow-poplar___--------- 1,810,000 69,900 | 1,879,900 7.7 
Northern red oak____----- 1,030,400 33,700 | 1,064,100 4.4 
Other red oaks__-_----_-- 1,581,800 93,000 | 1,674,800 6.9 
Wihitetoales shee aa 1,827,600 75,000 | 1,902,600 738 
@hestnur.oak! Sars sie es 1,109,500 64,100 | 1,173,600 4.8 
Other white oaks_________ 101,200 6,800 108 ,000 4 
IBinGh essen Geen eS tia ei Se 34,500 2,800 37,300 2 
Beecher ty sae sera en iets 276,900 8,800 285 ,700 1.2 
TAC KOT yess i ere 598 ,800 37,100 635 ,900 2.6 
Cherry, walnut__---=----- 42,400 7,800 50,200 ay} 
Sugar maple__-_2=2--4--+2 | 92.400 4,100 96,500 4 
NSH a siz aie Bee Scere 171,300 | 4,900 176,200 a7 
Other hardwoods 4_______- 670,600 29,200 699,800 239 
aT stale Ren 11,533,300 | 512,900 |12,046, 200 49.5 
All live species_-______- 23,264,700 1,069,500 124,334,200 100.0 
Deadichescnut.2 se 444,400 314,000 | 758,400 | aera 
(Allespecies asian 23,709,100 1,383,500 \25,092,600 |________ 
1 Includes the saw-timber volume, 5,100 M board feet, in the reproduction 
areas. 
2 Includes pond pine, 3,500 M board feet. 
3 Includes red spruce, 2,700 M board feet. 
4Includes basswood, sycamore, bay, magnolia, willow, and other minor 
species. : 
Volume by Diameter Classes 
A better picture of the current availability of the 
saw-timber volume for conversion to sawlogs is pro- 
vided by an analysis of volume distribution by diam- 
eter classes. The 25 billion board feet cannot all be 
counted as a current source of quality lumber because 
in 1940 nearly one-fourth of it was in trees less than 
13 inches d. b. h. These small trees are suitable for 
pulpwood or generally low-grade lumber. One-half 
of the total volume was in trees from 13.0 to 18.9 
inches in diameter, while only one-fourth was in trees 
now 19 inches or more in diameter, which usually 
yield the most high-grade lumber (table 7). Nearly 
half of the softwood volume was in the 10- to 12-inch 
class, and only one-eighth of it in the 20-inches-and- 
over class. The hardwood volume was distributed 
| more evenly (minimum saw-timber diameter for hard- 
i} woods is 13.0 inches) , 57 percent in the 14- to 18-inch 
class, 43 percent in the 20-inches-and-over class. 
Three of the hardwood species and one softwood 
had a larger percent of volume in the 20-inches-and- 
over class than in the 14- to 18-inch class. ‘These were 
northern red oak, chestnut oak, sugar maple, and 
} hemlock. All are predominantly mountain species, 
Virginia Forest Resources and Industries 
and the reason for this uncommon volume distribu- 
tion is in part their location in more inaccessible log- 
ging chances. Also, hemlock was not in great demand 
for lumber until World War II. Chestnut oak is a 
ridge-top and upper-slope type, but the species is not 
in- high demand for lumber, and has a relatively low 
The hard- 
wood species with the lowest percentage of volume 
in the largest diameter class were ash and sweetgum, 
other white oaks, and hickory. 
stumpage value and high logging cost. 
These are predomi- 
nantly Coastal Plain and lower Piedmont species, and 
in general are heavily cut. 
TaBLe 7.—Distributors of the saw-timber volume, by species 
group and tree-diameter class, 1940 
oe | 2 2 
Species group Helen | aches | tech 
Softwoods: Percent Percent Percent 
Mob lol yapime seers ea ceentn em tesees teal erecta 40.5 45.6 13.9 
Shortleaftpine S225. ee ee 60.6 33" 6.3 
Mingimiaspine= =e) a eee 71.0 27.8 1:32 
Wihite pine Saar saben ens era pe 28.5 39.1 32.4 
IMemlocks#ise a neces ates RRC ees 14.0 32.2 53.8 
Redcedarsce en aeets iia Soy ae 78.2 1989 129 
Wihite=-ced an essa c 7 in EAMES Lateran: 10.9 45.5 43.6 
Gy presse ane Osh cura we es cyne een SAE 43.7 28.6 
All¥softwood sox 3 ets) Aes aes | 47.6 40.0 12.4 
Hardwoods: | 
We elim apo ee sO Seat Se aa tie ER eternity 65.1 34.9 
Blacker seaplane rece By ae eee eats aa 595 40.5 
Sivecteumies satura Ranta Savile era 71.3 28.7 
Niellow=poplarsee eso ae tnk Bow en [bseannlepte 61.2 38.8 
Northern red\oak- 2-222 5202.) 1221] j aateiie ei 39.3 60.7 
@thenredtoa ks te Saas is aera ae [egies xn See 60.2 39.8 
Wihtteroaloe sists ie eres epee ous Biro |B Sly LR 50.9 49.1 
Ghestnutioaksatan eae ieee ooo eee tees 49.1 50.9 
Other white oaks:_-2._-2__L-22 22. feces 68.5 31.5 
Bite tart caret nGer So Sep rss a shee Ne tants Jenene ore: 61.1 38.9 
Beechiem hts eon ete cp etn Big em ste jee eee ee 56.7 43.3 
PRICK Ory aM Raat Se ee RON ass | 66.8 33.2 
(Greer y-servvra ra ra ae a SP a seat 62.2 37.8 
Sugarpmia ple me cet ee pe See | Un ee 40.6 59.4 
UNS Vig ae en Ne aS EAS FE ge ta ee | PENA eee 71.4 28.6 
Othemhardwoods2st aie Sos eee al ee ee 59.9 » 40.1 
Ali hardwood se saau ma sau sere a tra | beer ee os | 57.4 42.6 
| | 
Allllivespecies.-"s.2se 525-29 ees | 24.0 48.6 | 27.4 
Dear ichies teu tie teste os Bi pa Sel eats | apa aS 49.7 50.3 
| 
Aliispectes! eon ae VE eee aoa | 23.3 | 48.6 28.1 
There was considerable variation among the three 
physiographic provinces in board-foot-volume distri- 
The Piedmont particu- 
larly was noticeable for the large softwood volume 
bution by diameter classes. 
in the lowest diameter class, while the mountains had 
both the lowest proportion in the 10- to 12-inch class 
and the highest proportion in the largest size. In the 
Coastal Plain, 42 percent of the softwood volume was 
in the 10- to 12-inch class, 44 percent in the 14- 
23 
