_ yellow-poplar, sweetgum, and beech, with some loblolly 
_and other pines. In the Piedmont white oak is even 
} more prevalent, comprising one-fourth of the total 
} cubic-foot volume, followed by southern red oak, black 
oak, yellow-poplar, chestnut oak, and hickory. Pine 
is very limited: In the Mountain province, chestnut 
_ oak is the most prevalent species of this type, followed 
_ by scarlet, pin, and black oaks, post oak, northern red 
_ oak, hickory, and yellow-poplar. The pine component 
is very minor. 
TABLE 3.—Species composition of forest types ADTs in percent of 
net cubic-foot volume, 1940} 
Forest type 
| | 
- | Boe 
Species Lob- | Short-} Vir- 7.:,,,| tom- | Cove | Up- | All 
lolly | leaf | ginia| “Bite! tand |hard-| land |types 
pine | pine | pine Pine | hard-| wood hard 
wood wood 
Soft woods: Pctasliwlctee| eb ctsi|-dectoalisbact| elect |Pecten| eck. 
Pond pines -=_=- =.= OF Sa al SSS | RRS (2) sa Rakes eee She (2) 
Loblolly pine___--_-- TDN ete DAO | eer. | ota 4.4) 0 1.5) 17.9 
Shortleaf pine__-_--- BI 62.6) 7.9. 3.0 S/AenOR2 | eeseOhel Ons 
Virginia pine___--__- 1.6} 6.0) 56.3 1:8 4 5 167.8 
Wehitespines 2 = sees | poe as <4 -7\ 31.8} () 6 ACSI fa sed (0) 
iplemloGkss ses see een ee (2) (2) 21.8) (2 1.6 D, 6 
Redcedaress2 Saar 1 9 3 2 aul 1 ey) ES 
White-cedar_--_____- (Che ee ele Ea Ses 1s 7) eee: (2) ai 
Gypressssek2 tae A so) UK Mee al Ra ne be Se S| ean (2) a 
Hardwoods: 
Iho Red maples222 5. == Geet eer le ert |e 8aGla 9 ie2| 03 e983 
Blackowm soso sa 1.8 Xo) 8 38) 1929) eles 5 ee 2R6leSayl 
Sweetgum______--_-- 6.1 3.2) 2.0) ©) LEY: PAYS) Keeps} 
Yellow-poplar______- 2.5|  4.7| -6.2| 1 3'.2| 8.5| 34.5) 9.5|~ 7.8 
Northern red oak____ 5 29 Sth 276) 1-9) 1026) =676)> 3.5 
Ocher red oaks_____- 3.6, 6.5) 7.3| 7.7) 4.2] 2.9) 16.8] 9.5 
White oak. 22 _==2_ 3.5 4.8) 6.3 8.0} 3.4) 4.3] 19.8] 10.3 
Chestnut oak______-_ (2) 15) 8 4.7) (2) AAS D656 
Other. white oaks_____ 6 is | sel} 4 -5} () 1.2 9 
BB iirc eee eae ens a | (2) (2) 1.4| (2) 2.8 22 aD, 
Beech == ee es 4 DMs eel ee SEs S| ee Sealife ale csikag 
lala ern ae eee 7. TSE SG PASiSs1S0|Sa429 heifer 358 
Cherry} walnuto— == |=- == (2) (e Ai PLES] 4 22 
Sugar maple esse lt 2) (2) 1.7} @) 4.2 4 53 
UNG) pnp ones Bad ASE Ht 2) 2 S360 adage el 120 
Dogwood. -_-_-2_-__ ‘ 4 8 ait SB lle ened, ah 
Blackslocus tees sats | eee 1 apt -7| (2) LPO ral=) 6 
Other hardwoods_____ 35 =o) aff a) 5 E10) 5 USSEY ipa) as fees) 
Scrub hardweods_____ 3 lege cee lel festeal ean ede Stel esate 
All species= __\_ -___ 100.0} 100.0]100.0] 160.0}100.0/100.0/100.0|100.0 
if 
1 Based on net cubic volume of sound trees 5.0 inches d. b. h. and larger; tops 
and limbs of saw-timber-size hardwoods omitted. 
2 Less than 0.05 percent. 
The loblolly pine type (fig. 16) ranks second in 
-area, occupying 14 percent of the State’s forest land, 
_almost entirely in the Coastal Plain. The principal 
hardwood associates are sweetgum, southern red and 
} black oaks, white oak, and yellow poplar. In terms 
‘| of value, the loblolly pine type is the most valuable 
in the State, since it contains by far the largest saw- 
timber volume of any type, and its chief species is in 
| wide demand for both lumber and pulpwood. 
Virginia Forest Resources and Industries 
The Virginia pine type is almost equal in area to 
the loblolly pine type. Of the total type area, 69 per- 
cent is in the Piedmont, 17 percent is in the Coastal 
Plain, chiefly on the Northern Neck and Middle Pen- 
insula, and the remainder is in the mountains.  Prin- 
cipal associates in the Coastal Plain are loblolly pine, 
southern red and black oaks, white oak, yellow-pop- 
lar, and sweetgum. In the Piedmont, principal as- 
sociates are shortleaf pine, yellow-poplar, “other red 
oaks,” and white oak, although there are extensive 
areas of pure old-field stands (fig. 17). In the moun- 
tain unit, Virginia pine makes up 55 percent of the 
volume in the Virginia pine type, and shortleaf and 
white pines together, 11 percent. Black, southern 
red, post, and chestnut oaks are the common associated 
hardwoods. 
The shortleaf pine type (fig. 18) is only slightly less 
extensive than the loblolly and Virginia pine types, 
and occurs on about 14 percent of the forest area. 
Of the total area of this type, 63 percent is in the 
Piedmont, 29 percent in the mountains, and only 8 
percent in the Coastal Plain. In the Coastal Plain, 
shortleaf pine forms 53 percent of the volume in the 
type, and loblolly 17 percent. Principal hardwood 
associates are the “other red oaks,” white oak, and 
sweetgum. In the Piedmont, shortleaf pine makes 
up 64 percent of the cubic-foot volume in the type, 
and loblolly and Virginia pines, 8 percent. “Other 
red oaks,” yellow-poplar, white oak, and sweetgum 
are the prevalent hardwoods. From the standpoint 
of values, this is the most important type in the Pied- 
mont. In the mountains, the shortleaf pine type— 
designated on the type map as the “‘shortleaf-pitch 
pine type”’—occurs as narrow bands on the east slopes 
of the successive ridges of the province. In this type 
the volume of pitch pine exceeds that of shortleaf, and 
the two together form two-thirds of the total volume in 
the type. Scarlet, black, and pin oaks, chestnut oak, 
and white oak are the prevalent hardwood associates. 
The bottom-land hardwoods type (fig. 19) is found 
on about 7 percent of the forest area. Of the total 
type area, 63 percent is in the Coastal Plain where it 
occurs in the Great Dismal Swamp and along the 
major rivers and their tributaries above tidewater. 
Here blackgum and tupelo (fig. 20) provide more than 
one-fourth of the total cubic-foot volume, and sweet- 
gum nearly one-fifth. Red maple and yellow-poplar 
are other important hardwood species in this type. 
Cypress provides a little over 6 percent, and loblolly 
pine a little less than 6 percent, of total cubic-foot vol- 
ume. This type is one of the most valuable in the 
Coastal province, containing the second largest saw- 
15 
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