1910.] Anniversary Address by Sir A. Geikie. 261 
His notable identification of the orbits of meteors with those of comets, his 
minute delineation of the surface of the planet Mars, and his subsequent 
studies of Mercury and Venus, have made his name a household word in 
astronomical science. 
In Rosert Kocu we have to deplore the loss of one who conferred 
inestimable benefits on the science of bacteriology. To him we owe the 
isolation of the tubercle bacillus, the proof that it is the cause of tuberculosis, 
and the product, tuberculin, for the treatment of this calamitous disease. 
He has made modern bacteriology possible by his elaboration of methods for 
the culture of bacilli. 
FRIEDRICH WILHELM KOHLRAUSCH, who died in January last, in his 
seventieth year, will be remembered for his investigation of the methods of 
measuring magnetic and electrical quantities, for his laborious researches into 
the conducting power of electrolytic solutions, which formed the foundation 
of the modern electrolytic theory of solution, and for the great service which 
he rendered by insisting on the necessity of practical instruction in the 
laboratory for the teaching of physics. 
In Metcuior TrEvB botany has lost an esteemed and eminent worker. A 
master of technique, with high intellectual gifts, he attacked many important 
problems and materially advanced knowledge in ‘the diverse domains of 
plant physiology, cytology, morphology and geography, presenting his results 
with great lucidity and grace of style. His scientific work was mainly done 
while he was engrossed in the official duties of Director of the Buitenzorg 
Botanic Garden in Java: duties performed for nearly thirty years with such 
success that the practical benefits which resulted from them to pharmacology, 
forestry and tropical agriculture are comparable with his scientific contri- 
butions. His sympathies were as wide as his interests; and his memory 
will live in the work which he helped others to achieve as well as in his own. 
Coming now to the losses from our Home List during the year that has 
passed, we have to mourn the death of one of the great historical figures of 
the Royal Society—Sir WiLLIam Hucerns. It would be out of place in this 
brief address to attempt even a summary of the achievements of his 
distinguished career, but on this anniversary occasion our thoughts naturally 
turn to the recollection of the salient features of that career which shed such 
lustre on the Society. Soon after the invention of spectrum analysis as a 
practical method of investigation was accomplished, only fifty years ago, by 
Kirchhoff and Bunsen, Huggins resolved to devote himself to the application 
of this new method to astronomical problems, and, as we all know, he thereby 
laid the foundations of the wonderful science of astrophysics. His early 
observations of the spectra of the stars, made before any of the apparatus 
eA 
