No. 466.] STUDIES ON PLANT CELL.— VII. | 705 
nuclei in higher plants. The earlier investigators for the most 
part failed to recognize the chromatic granules and network 
and considered the nucleolar body (nucleolus) to be the nucleus 
of the cell. Janssens and Leblanc ('98), however, described a 
nucleus with a membrane containing caryoplasm and a nucleolus, 
and other authors noted the vacuole and believed that it held 
some relation to the nucleus. 
Both the nuclear vacuole and the nuclear body (nucleolus) 
take part in the process of bud formation. The bud appears on 
the opposite side of the cell from the nuclear body and.the nu- 
clear vacuole lies between. The bud contains at first cytoplasm 
alone; then the nuclear vacuole begins to pass into it and the 
nuclear body takes a position in the vicinity, between the 
mother-cell and the bud.. The nuclear body now divides by 
simple fission and one half enters the bud. The nuclear vacu- 
ole gradually constricts and is drawn apart in the canal between 
the two cells. The two daughter nuclear vacuoles and -nuclear 
bodies then pass to opposite ends of the mother- and daughter- 
cells respectively. If the nuclear vacuole is absent the chroma- 
tin network is drawn apart so that a division is effected ina 
similar manner. 
At the time of spore formation, the chromatin is reported by 
Wager to, become so closely associated with the nuclear body 
that the two substances cannot be easily separated and behave 
as one. The resultant structure elongates and divides by con- 
striction and the subsequent divisions are of the same character. 
Strands ef deeply staining protoplasm between the daughter 
nuclei are of interest as suggesting the possibility of a simple 
type of spindle. Wager describes the formation of spore walls 
around the nuclei enclosing a portion of the protoplasm and 
thus cutting the spores out from the remaining non-nucleate cell 
contents. The details of this process are not known and might 
prove very interesting since the process, from Wager's account, 
would seem to be one of free cell formation without, however, 
the characteristics described by Harper in spore formation 
within the ascus. It should be more thoroughly studied for it 
is possible that the division will be found to involve cleavage 
furrows and really prove to be a type of segmentation by con- 
striction (Section II, Amer. Nat., vol. 38, p. 453, June, 1904). 
