732 THE AMERICAN NATURALIST.  [Vor. XXXIX. 
experiment. (3) Binucleate cells may continue their growth 
with subsequent mitoses which when treated as before may give 
daughter cells with three nuclei and one nucleus respectively or 
with two each or indeed a cell containing four nuclei. Further- 
more these nuclei may fuse with one another to give structures 
witha greatly increased chromatin content. (4) In place of the 
non-nucleated cells there may be formed chambers containing 
cytoplasm and chromatophores, but without nuclei, which remain 
in open communication with the nucleated companion protoplast 
because the cell wall is not formed entirely across the mother- 
cell. 
Gerassimow has made some extended observations on these 
various types of cells, and presents his results in many elaborate 
tables and diagrams. We can only give an outline of his con- 
clusions. (1) Cells which come to contain unusually large 
nuclei through the suppression of mitosis or by the reuniting of 
partially divided daughter nuclei increase proportionally in size 
and their further cell division is postponed. The nuclei of such 
cells have of course the peculiarity of an increased amount of 
chromatin content. The large nuclei may later fragment into 
two or more structures which separate and generally come to 
lie at a distance from one another in the cytoplasm. The frag- 
ments finally lose their powers of reproduction and exhibit 
marked evidence of degeneration. (2) Cells which lack nuclei 
may form starch in the usual manner in the presence of light 
and exhibit for a short time a weaker general growth than nor- 
mal nucleated cells. The power to develop a gelatinous sheath 
also becomes markedly weakened. Finally there result a de- 
crease in the volume of the cell, a fading of the chromatophore, 
and conditions which lead to eventual death. (3) Chambers 
which lack nuclei but are in protoplasmic union with nucleated 
cells may be contrasted sharply with the non-nucleated cells. 
They exhibit a much stronger growth for a longer time and with 
a greater power to form starch, although not so marked as in 
the nucleated cells, and the chromatophores retain their color. 
There is also a conspicuous development of the gelatinous 
sheath. 
Haberlandt, Klebs, Pfeffer, Strasburger, and others have dis- 
