No. 467.] NOTES AND LITERATURE. 847 
2. Ciliated Protozoa may be formed indifferently from such zoó- 
gloea masses, or from the substance of Amcebe (pp. 113-118), or 
from encysted Euglena (pp. 110-113), or from the eggs of Macrobi- 
otus (pp. 138-144) and rotifers (pp. 44-45). 
3. Diatoms, even, may arise de novo from the cells of a parasitic 
alga (pp. 158-168); or Actinophrys from the substance of Nitella 
cells, or from Euglena (p. 224). The latter, indeed, seems to be 
something of a protoplasmic Pandora's box from which emerge Pera- 
nema (p. 13), Polyphagus (p. 224), Olpidium (p. 226), Chytridium 
(p. 232), Chlamydomonas (p. 234), Amoeba (p. 235), or higher alga 
like Vaucheria (p. 188) and Conferva (p. 191), while its own proto- 
plasm may be only the metamorphosed substance of an algal cell 
(CEdogonium). 
As to the method employed in obtaining these remarkable find- 
ings there is little said; isolation and continuous observation were 
deemed unnecessary and fruitless. Tap water with hay for example, 
was heated to not more than 125? F. and left to stand. A scum de- 
veloped after a few days, in which, from day to day, various types of 
organisms, including monads, fungus germs, Actinophrys, and even 
ciliates were observed, all having developed, he concluded, from 
*embryonal areas" of the scum. These observations are seriously 
presented as proving the heterogenetic origin of the different forms. 
Answering a criticism from certain “learned societies" that had 
refused to accept his conclusions based upon this method of observa- 
tion, Bastian states: “I submit that such evidence as has been 
brought forward in this volume is the only kind of evidence that can 
be adduced in proof of heterogenesis" (p. 344). and this statement, 
if limited to his use of the term heterogenesis, is one and the only 
one in which we heartily and unqualifiedly agree with the De 
Herrick's Home Life of Wild Birds.!— In the four years since 
the appearance of Professor Herrick's earlier work under this title, 
he has been able to extend his studies of nesting habits to a larger 
number of species and individuals, and in the present revised edition 
of his book “much has been re-written, and forty-eight new illustra- 
tions have been added to the text in place of a smaller number 
omitted. The first three chapters have been materially changed; 
!Herrick, Francis H. The Home Life of Wild Birds. A a er y x 
Study and Photography of Birds. New York and London, G. P. Putnam : 
1905. Svo, xxv + 225 pp», illus. $2.00. ; 
