DEVELOPMENT DURING THE PERIOD SINCE THE CIVIL WAR. 27 
weighing less than 3 pounds per thousand, were also manufactured 
in the same year. 
In this development of the cigar-manufacturing industry, which 
began largely as a home industry with the grower working up leaf 
of his own production, the development has been more and more 
toward making this phase of the tobacco business also a factory- 
made and, to a certain extent, a machine-made product. This 
tendency has been very decided in the past 20 years, since the 
development of the bunch-making machines and suction tables. 
It still remains, however, the one striking phase of the tobacco- 
manufacturing business where the man of skill but without much 
capital and with no expense for machinery, working perhaps alone 
or with two or three assistants, has much chance for success. 
The relative degree of concentration of these two branches of 
the industry can well be shown by stating that the official figures 
Fic. 8.—Type of seed beds common in all of the cigar-tobacco districts; covered either with glass, as 
in some of the northern districts, or with cloth. 
give the number of cigar factories operated in 1907 as 23,882, against 
3,526 factories for the manufacture of all other forms of tobacco 
combined. Of these latter factories, 2,307 were devoted exclusively ~ 
to the manufacture of smoking tobacco, although the smoking 
tobacco amounted to less than 50 per cent of the manufactured 
product, and in 580 factories cigarettes only were manufactured, 
leaving but 639 factories engaged in the production of all other 
forms of manufactured tobacco, including plug, twist, fine cut, and 
snuff. 
DISTRIBUTION OF THE CIGAR-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY. 
Pennsylvania leads in the production of cigars, producing about 
2,000,000,000 large cigars annually (average for 1907-1909, 
1,840,000,000) with three very large centers of production—the 
Lancaster, the Philadelphia, and the Pittsburgh districts. Pitts- 
burgh is noted particularly for its production of the class of low- 
grade cigars known as stogies. 
244 
