bo: 
6 EXPORT AND MANUFACTURING TOBACCOS. 
Ohio, in the Miami Valley district, is a leading producer of filler 
leaf, principally of the Zimmer Spanish type. Figure 7 shows 
samples of sweated Ohio fillers of the Zimmer type anaes to differ- 
ences of 1 inch in length. 
The Pennsylvania and New York areas are classed as filler dis- 
tricts, except the Chemung or Big Flats area in New York, which 
produces more particularly a binder and wrapper type of leaf. 
This whole scheme of division into types is only approximate, as 
all of the districts produce more or less of all three grades; that is, 
binder, wrapper, and filler. Furthermore, the distinctions between 
these grades are by no means fixed, particularly between the wrapper 
and binder grades. 
An attempt has been made in recent years to establish the pro- 
duction of cigar filler and wrapper tobacco in certain other sections, 
Fic. 7.—Sweated cigar leaf, Ohio cigar tobacco, Zimmer Spanish fillers, 11 to 18 inches long. (Photo- 
graphed by the Bureau of Soils.) 
principally in Texas and Alabama, but the production is not yet 
of commercial importance. 
Figure 8 illustrates the type of seed bed covered either with cloth 
or alesse, as the conditions demand, common in the cigar-tobacco 
districts of the country. 
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CIGAR-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY. 
The domestic manufacture of cigars has had an enormous develop- 
ment since the Civil War period. The number manufactured in 
1863 was 199,288,284. In 1870 this number was increased to 
1,139,470,774, and the increase has gone on at a rapid rate ever 
since and is now about 7,000,000,000 per year, the official figures 
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1908, being 6,847,417,141. In 
addition, 1,152,525,926 little cigars Gaeta all- fobaese exon 
244 
