DEVELOPMENT DURING THE PERIOD SINCE THE CIVIL WAR. 21 
imported. It should be said in this connection, however, that since 
practically all of the cigars imported are from Cuba, where the reci- 
procity treaty reducing the statutory figures by 20 per cent is in force, 
the real tax collected for the larger portion of our imports amounts 
to about 5 cents for each cigar. 
The importation of both cigars and cigar-leaf tobacco received a 
sharp setback by the raising of the import duties at the time of the, 
Civil War. Because of the demand for the highest grade cigars, the 
importation of cigar leaf has nevertheless tended since then toward 
a gradual increase. The official figures show that the average annual 
importation of cigar leaf was about four times larger in the first 
decade of the twentieth century than during the few years prior to 
the Civil War before the tax was increased. 
Under the influence of the heavy discriminating duty levied on the 
manufactured product the number of cigars now imported is still 
much below the figures set in the last few years preceding the war. 
The cigars imported in 1860 numbered 460,404,000, as previously 
stated. These figures! were reduced to 26,864,000 in 1868, and in 
later years,, during the period from 1903 to 1908, our importations of 
cigars have averaged only about 55,000,000 yearly, or about 13 per cent 
of the high-record figures of 1860. It is unquestionably true, how- 
ever, that in this country we really smoke more Havana cigars than 
ever before, as the importation of Havana tobacco has increased 
sufficiently to much more than offset the decrease in importations of 
cigars under the influence of the very large discriminating duty on 
cigars as compared with the raw leaf. 
DEVELOPMENT OF CIGAR-LEAF PRODUCTION. 
Under the combined influences of a high protective tariff and the 
rapid increase in popularity of cigar smoking the cultivation of cigar 
tobacco and the manufacture and sale of cigars have increased enor- 
mously, far outstripping the manufacturing types in rate of growth 
in the period since the Civil War. In 1859 the domestic production 
of cigar tobacco, as we have seen, was 18,643,732 pounds, and the total 
production of all types of tobacco in the United States was 434,209,461 
pounds. Thus the production of cigar leaf at that time constituted 
but shghtly over 4 per cent of the total. production, while in 1909 the 
production of cigar tobacco was 158,772,000 pounds, and the total for 
the United States 949,357,000 pounds. The production of cigar 
tobacco in 1909 was therefore close to 154 per cent of the total for the 
period, which is an increase of more than 750 per cent in actual 
production and an increase in relative standing of more than 300 per 
cent. The total combined production of all tobacco has but little 
an 1 On the basis of 12 pounds to 1,000 cigars. 
