DEVELOPMENT DURING THE PERIOD SINCE THE CIVIL WAR. 19 
The long series of wars involving all Europe, including our own War 
of 1812, greatly retarded international trade in tobacco as well as in 
other commodities and, together with the generally high revenue 
tariffs levied on tobacco in the period succeeding these wars, which 
had exhausted all the leading nations financially, still further retarded 
the development of our exports of tobacco and encouraged the home 
production of leaf on the part of many of the leading nations of con- 
tinental Europe. It was not until about 1845 that our exports of 
tobacco began to expand much above the volume reached in the 
years just preceding the Revolution. 
The rapid settlement of Kentucky and border areas in Ohio, 
Indiana, Missouri, and Tennessee, largely by pioneers from Virginia, 
Maryland, and North Carolina, rapidly extended the production of 
tobacco into this new territory so that at the breaking out of the Civil 
War the annual production of tobacco in this new territory across the 
Alleghenies was nearly equal to that in the older area, with Kentucky 
second only to Virginia in production, and Tennessee ranking third, her 
production being slightly ahead of either Maryland or North Carolina. 
The manufacture and use of cigars and the home production of cigar 
tobacco were having their early struggles for development in the 
second quarter of the nineteenth century, ending in a period of very 
rapid development from 1850 to 1860. This development was accom- 
panied by a rapid rise in the importation of cigars and cigar leaf, so 
that by 1860 the cigar-tobacco trade and the production of cigar leaf 
had become really an important feature in the tobacco industry. 
DEVELOPMENT DURING THE PERIOD SINCE THE CIVIL WAR. 
INFLUENCE OF THE WAR. 
As in the case of the Revolutionary War, the Civil War and the 
developments growing out of it exercised most important influences 
on the tobacco industry in all its phases. Virginia itself, which up 
to this time was the most important producing area and really 
dominated the tobacco trade, became the actual battle field of the 
ereat struggle which completely absorbed the activities of her people. 
The cultivation, exportation, and manufacture of tobacco within her 
borders became greatly disorganized and its cultivation there was 
almost completely abandoned. The total production of the country, 
which in 1859 was 434,209,461 pounds, was in 1863 only 163,353,082 
pounds. The value per pound, however, was 14.8 cents, a higher 
figure than had been recorded since 1816, immediately succeeding the 
War of 1812, and higher than any yearly average figure which has 
been recorded since the Civil War. The exports of manufactured 
tobacco decreased from 17,737,232 pounds in 1859 to 4,110,802 
pounds in 1861. 
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