iG) EXPORT AND MANUFACTURING TOBACCOS. 
We have already noted one important difference between the cigar 
and the export and manufacturing tobacco industries; that is, in the 
machinery used in manufacture and in the tendency to consolidation 
in large plants. This, however, is only one of several reasons that 
cause them to fall quite naturally into different classifications. 
The cigar tobaccos are produced on different soils and in other 
sections of the country. A very different type of seed is used. The 
methods of cultivation, harvesting, and especially handling after 
harvest are distinctive, and they move to market. through separate 
trade channels. The Bureau of Internal Revenue expressly forbids 
the making of cigars and the manufacture of tobacco in the same 
factory, and with some exceptions the growers, handlers, dealers, and 
manufacturers of the export and manufacturing tobaccos generally 
have very little or nothing to do with cigar tobacco. 
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF TOBACCO. 
The standard of quality in the export and manufacturing and in the 
cigar types of tobacco is very different, which is strikingly empha- 
sized by the fact that while some thirty-odd millions of pounds of cigar 
tobacco are imported yearly, above 300,000,000 pounds of the other 
type (average of 1910 and 1911 was 356,261,573 pounds) are each 
year exported. Strangely enough, however, the value per pound of 
the tobacco imported is so much greater than of that exported that 
the value of the imports offsets about two-thirds the value of our 
exports (for 15 years ending with 1911, 61 per cent; for the fiscal 
year 1910-11, 72 per cent), so that the balance of trade in favor of 
the United States on the tobacco account is smaller oe might 
be supposed. 
The tobacco which is imported consists principally of cigar-filler 
leaf and cigars from Cuba and cigar-wrapper leaf from the Dutch East 
Indies (Sumatra and Borneo, purchased at Amsterdam and Rotter- 
dam, Holland) and is the finest and highest-priced tobacco in the 
world. Our imports of Turkish tobacco, for use principally in ciga- 
rettes, is coming to be of considerable importance and ‘is Tapa 
increasing. 
This imported tobacco bears a very high rate of import duty for the 
protection of cigar-leaf growers in the United States and for revenue, 
which is at the rate of $1.85 per pound on wrappers and 35 cents per 
pound for fillers, with a reciprocity discount of 20 per cent in the case 
of Cuban imports. Adding this duty to the declared value of the 
imported tobacco and cigars causes it to exceed the value of our 
exports by more than 30 per cent. These values are shown in 
Tables I and II. | 
244 
