on board HM.S, 'Challenger' 491 



mostly of a white colour (quartz), but also many dark and light 

 green coloured (glauconite) ; a few Eadiolarians and siliceous 

 spines ; a few pellets of manganese. 



Sounding 176. 28th October, 1873. 1250 fathoms. Lat. 35° 0' S., 

 long. 17° 57' E. A blue mud containing : — Much amorphous clayey 

 matter ; very many sandy particles, quartz and green glauconite 

 grains ; a good many pelagic Eorarninifera, Coccoliths, and Ehab- 

 doliths ; a few Eadiolaria and siliceous spines. 



Sotjthekn Ocean. 



Cape of Good Hope to Australia. 



Simon's Bay. 20 fathoms. Dredges gave a bottom composed of sandy 

 particles, quartz and green and black particles, pieces of broken 

 shells, Echinoderm shells, Eoraminifera, &c. ; mixed up with these 

 was much amorphous matter, which gave a green colour to the 

 bottom. 



Sounding 177. 17th December, 1873. 100 fathoms. Lat. 34° 41' S., 

 long. 18° 36' E. A green mud containing : — Very many small light 

 and dark green mineral particles, usually of a rounded form, and 

 quartz, mica, &c. ; a good many pelagic Eoraminifera ; other Eora- 

 minifera, as Textularias, Eotalias, Uvigerinas, Nummulinas, &c. ; a few 

 siliceous spines and Diatoms ; green-coloured amorphous matter ; 

 many casts of the Eoraminifera, Echini- spines, and other carbonate- 

 of-lime organisms in pale green substance (glauconite). 



18th December, 1873. 150 fathoms. Agulhas' Bank. Lat. 35° 4' S., 

 long. 18° 37' E. Same kind of bottom as No. 177. 



Sounding 178. 19th December, 1873. 1900 fathoms. Lat. 36° 48' S., 

 long. 1 9° 24' E. A white Globigerina-ooze containing : — Very many 

 pelagic Eoraminifera and Coccoliths ; a great many mineral particles, 

 quartz, and a red and green mineral ; one or two parts of siliceous 

 spines, but no Eadiolarians : a few casts of the Eoraminifera remained 

 after treatment with acid ; some of these were pure white, others 

 had a greenish tinge. 

 The dredge brought up some stones of a black colour. These were very 

 hard, and made up of Glohigerina and small green and white particles 

 imbedded in a grey flinty-like matrix. Internal casts of the Eorami- 

 nifera in this flinty-like substance remained when portions of these con- 

 cretions were treated with acid. The black colour was due to a thin 

 coating of the peroxide of manganese. 



Sounding 179. 24th December, 1873. 1570 fathoms. Lat. 45° 57' S., 

 long. 34° 39' E. ■ A white Globigerina-ooze containing: — Very many 

 pelagic Eoraminifera and Coccoliths ; a few Eadiolarians and Dia- 



