Crustacea observed during the Cruise ofH.M.S. f Challenger, 3 585 



Dipteea. — 1. Muscid, everywhere; 2. Pulex, parasitic in the nests of 

 Diomedea and Eudyptes. 



Podtjeid^, — Thysanura, on a dead puffin. 



Cettstacea. — 1. Oniscus, everywhere under stones ; 2, Gmnmams, every- 

 where under stones. 



Oligoch^et^e, — Lumbricus, everywhere under stones. 



V. "Preliminary Report to Professor Wyville Thomson, F.R.S., 

 Director of the Civilian Scientific Staff, on Crustacea observed 

 during the cruise of H.M.S. i Challenger 3 in the Southern 

 Sea/-' By the late Dr. Rudolf von Willemoes-Suhm, Natu- 

 ralist to the Expedition. (Published by permission of the 

 Lords of the Admiralty.) Received February 14, 1876. Read 

 . March 16. 



In the following paper it is intended to give a short account of the 

 Crustacea found at the bottom as well as on the surface of the sea 

 during the antarctic cruise of H.M.S. ' Challenger.' Our expedition, 

 as is probably well-known to most readers, left the Cape on Decem- 

 ber 17, proceeded towards the Prince-Edward Islands, and landed on 

 one of them. Between these islands and the Crozets, on which landing 

 was impossible, we had several successful deep-sea dredgings. Prom the 

 Crozets we sailed to Kerguelen, where we stayed nearly a month, and 

 where a great deal of shallow-water dredging was done. Proceeding 

 from this large island to the south, we penetrated beyond the antarctic 

 circle, and had four successful deep-sea dredgings near the ice-barrier. On 

 our way to Australia we were able to trawl five times. 



The surface animals were generally collected by the towing-net at 

 every station by lowering the net to a depth of 50-100 fathoms, where, 

 as experience has shown us, nearly the same quantity of animals are found 

 during the day which at night are to be got from the very surface. In 

 fine nights, when the ship was gliding very slowly through the water, 

 the net was of course always put out, and its contents were carefully 

 preserved; but during our antarctic cruise such nights were rare, so 

 that in most cases we had to lower the net in the daytime, during the 

 manipulations of dredging and sounding. 



In shallow water near the shores of the antarctic islands we found 

 scarcely any of the higher Crustacea. Only on the north coast of Marion 

 Island (Prince-Edward group, the northernmost of the islands which 

 we visited) a small Caridid shrimp was got in considerable numbers. 

 Besides there was a Serolis, different from the only species which we had 

 met with (in 700 fathoms off the coast of Brazil). On the south coast of 

 Prince-Edward Island there were no Decapods at all in a similar depth, 

 only Serolis came up in the dredge. Near the same place, however, we 



