Lionel Smith Beale. lxi 



vital actions and matter in which physical and chemical changes 

 alone take place. 

 1862-3. "Nerve-endings in Voluntary Muscles." ' Proc. Roy. Soc,' 1862-3. 

 "Minute Anatomy of Sarcolemma and Striped Muscle," 1864. 

 ' Quart. J. Micr. Sc.' 



1863. Paper on "The Branching of Nerves in the Frog's Bladder." 



•Phil. Trans./ 1863. 



1864. " Termination of Nerve-Fibres." Ibid. 



1864. " Minute Anatomy of Sarcolemma and Striped Muscle." ' Proc. 



Roy. Soc' 



1865. He delivered the Croonian Lecture before this Society on " The 



Ultimate Nerve-Fibres Distributed to Muscles and some other 

 Tissues." 

 1865. " The Minute Structure of Dentine." ' Quart. J. Micr. Sc' 



1869. "Minute Structure of Papillae of Frog's Tongue." 'Quart. J. 



Micr. Sc' 



1870. " Bioplasm." Ibid. 



1871-2. " Nerves of Capillary Vessels." Ibid. 

 1880. Presidential Address to the Royal Microscopical Society. 



Dr. Gustavus Mann has favoured the writer with the following appreciation 

 of Dr. Beale's histological work : — 



" Looking back from our present knowledge, Beale's greatest achievement 

 is to have recognised that a distinction must be drawn between the ' germinal ' 

 and the ' formed ' matter of tissues. This view, first published in 1861, in " The 

 Structure of the Simple Tissues," was adversely criticised by Max Schultze 

 in " Das Protoplasma," because ' it lay outside the cell theory.' How little 

 justified this dictum was has since been established, for Beale's germinal 

 matter includes what we now call the nucleus and also cytoplasm in an active 

 state of metabolism. Beale was led to his conception by the different 

 behaviour of tissues towards his ammoniacal carmine solution. He wrote 

 ' all elements of fresh tissue which stain readily with carmine, alone possess 

 the power of growth and of producing matter like itself out of material 

 differing from it entirely in properties and powers. I therefore called it 

 germinal or living matter to distinguish it from the formed material. The 

 latter may possess remarkable properties and may undergo various physical 

 and chemical changes under the influence of heat, moisture, oxygen, etc. It 

 may permit some fluids to permeate it, and may interfere with the passage of 

 others. It may contribute to the stability of the organism, and perform 

 a variety of important functions, but it cannot take the place of the germinal 

 or living matter, nor in many cases does it exhibit its characteristic properties 

 after the death of the germinal matter belonging to it.' As examples of 

 ' formed ' material, he mentions the white fibrous tissue of tendon, the matrix 

 of cartilage, and the body of red blood corpuscles. These far-reaching 

 conclusions were not mere speculation, but were the legitimate outcome of 



