416 Mr. W. B. Hardy. [Apr. 9, 



Data derived from measurements of electric conductivity, and from the 

 behaviour with indicators, support the view that true salts are formed, and 

 that the globulin acts much more strongly as an acid than as a base. 



Direct Measurement of the Specific Velocity of Globulin " Ions!' — This was 

 carried out by the boundary method. 



As the basic function of a globulin is weaker than its acid function, the 

 salts GHS (globulin + acid) will be hydrolysed more than the salts GB 

 (globulin + base). Therefore, in the equation of hydrolysis given above, yjx 

 will be larger for the former than the latter. Similarly, comparing salts with 

 HA and with HC1, yjx will be greater for the former. 



Now with increase in the value of yjx the size of the proteid particles 

 increases also. By dialysis, the size can be increased until the particles 

 diffract white light. The growth in the case of solutions of sodium silicate 

 can be traced by the appearance of molecular states incapable of passing 

 through a parchment membrane. In a similar way, by continuous addition 

 of AgCl to a solution of NaCl, molecular states are produced large enough 

 to diffract white light. 



In each of these cases these large molecules are ionic, that is to say, they 

 take part in the electric transport. And their specific velocity is exceptionally 

 high ; that of (AgCl) x Cl y being 57 x 10~ 5 at 18°, whereas Ag at infinite 

 dilution is only 58. 



" Ions " of this order of magnitude have the properties of matter in mass. 

 Each is defined by a surface and moves under the influence of a surface 

 contact difference of potential. With their appearance the fluid ceases 

 to be homogeneous. It has internal surfaces. I propose to call such ions 

 colloidal ions, or pseudoions. Their specific velocity is high, and, within 

 wide limits, is independent of their size, and is controlled by the laws of 

 electrical endosmose. 



These conclusions are borne out by the boundary measurements and by the 

 electrical conductivity of colloidal solutions. 



For instance : theoretically the proportion of pseudoions in the following 

 solutions of globulin should be : — 



In HA > in HC1, > in NaOH, 

 and the specific velocities at 18° were found to be 23 x 10~ 5 , 11*5 x 10 -5 , 

 7'6 x 10~ 5 . By Ostwald's law of the relation of specific ionic velocity to the 

 number of atoms in an ion, the value 23 x 10 -5 is an utterly impossible one 

 for an ordinary ion of the magnitude of the proteid molecule. 



Solution by Neutral Salts. — Globulins are dissolved by neutral salts owing 

 to the formation of molecular compounds (G.BS). These compounds are 

 readily decomposed by water with liberation of insoluble globulin 



