528 Drs. P. T. Herring and S. Simpson. [May 1, 



made by rupture of the interlobular ducts. Heidenhain indeed explained its 

 occurrence on this supposition. It is difficult to show the presence of small 

 quantities of bile in the blood, but in many of our experiments the urine 

 contained bile acids. Dr. Cramer kindly tested the urine for us ; Gmelin's 

 test for bile pigment gave negative results, but bile acids were readily 

 demonstrable. Bile acids were found in the urine two hours after the 

 beginning of a record of bile pressure. 



In animals which were kept alive during injection of the bile ducts at 

 a pressure lower than or not exceeding the maximum bile pressure attained, 

 sections of the liver show little injection. The larger bile ducts are filled 

 with carmine gelatine and the injection passes into the smaller interlobular 

 ducts. In the dog and cat very few of the bile capillaries are injected, a few 

 are filled at the periphery of the lobules, but the injection does not extend 

 more than one or two cells inwards. The adjoining liver cells are frequently 

 rilled with a lighter coloured (diluted) carmine gelatine. These cells appear 

 to have been injected from the bile capillaries. The rabbit's liver shows the 

 same appearance, but more of the bile capillaries are injected. Hering (10) 

 noted the filling of liver cells from the bile duct. He stated that Berlin 

 blue, when injected into the bile duct under so small a pressure that no 

 extravasation takes place, fills only the bile capillary network in the 

 periphery of the lobule. Higher pressure produces extravasation first into 

 the liver cells in the form of small round drops, later irregular large drops, 

 lastly, the whole liver cell appears blue. Further injection bursts the cell 

 wall, and the injection flows into masses or escapes into the blood capillaries. 

 We have noticed a similar appearance in sections of the livers examined. 

 Injection of the bile ducts at a pressure near to or exceeding slightly the 

 maximum bile pressure almost invariably causes extravasation into the blood 

 vessels, and this is especially liable to occur when the injection is carried 

 out in the dead animal. The extravasation appears to take place in the 

 manner described by Hering by a filling of the cells at the periphery of the 

 lobule and escape of the injection from them into the neighbouring sinusoids. 

 In livers injected after death this filling of liver cells and escape into blood 

 vessels renders the interpretation of the appearance produced a difficult one. 

 The injection undoubtedly gets into the blood vessels at the periphery of the 

 lobule. In an animal injected during life the appearance is somewhat 

 different. In Cat E, which was injected during life for 55 minutes only at 

 a pressure of 443 mm. water (maximum bile pressure, 373 mm.), the lymph 

 of the portal lymphatics and thoracic duct contained carmine at the end of 

 that period. Sections show extravasation of carmine gelatine into the cells 

 at the periphery of the lobules, but no injection of the blood vessels as 



