
No. 422.] NOTES AND LITERATURE. 167 
moist atmosphere and afterwards in a more watery preparation, the 
alcoholic product is obtained by distillation. The author has isolated 
several new forms from the material used, — Aspergillus luchuensis, 
related to Aspergillus wentii Wehmer; Aspergillus perniciosus, near 
the latter; and Saccharomyces awamort. He reports the presence of 
a species of Monilia and of Saccharomyces anomalus, which latter 
form produces the characteristic aroma. 
Professor Miyoshi * makes a second contribution to his study of a 
mulberry disease called “‘ Ishikubyo,” and comes to most interesting 
conclusions. The injury is due to a lack of proper balance in the 
tissue development of the plant. The leaves manufacture more 
carbohydrates than the conducting system is able to withdraw dur- 
ing the usual time. The woody tisSue of affected plants in all parts 
is also underdeveloped, and a diminished water transpiration results. 
This account is the more interesting since physiological derangements 
are not often traced back to ill-balanced tissue formations. 
In this connection it may be noted that Suzuki, investigating this 
disease in the light of Woods's work on the “ mosaic disease " of the 
tobacco plant, has come to the conclusion that in the mulberry, as in 
the tobacco, the trouble is due to an overproduction of oxydizing 
enzymes accompanied by a more or less advanced state of starvation. 
Another article by Professor Miyoshi? reveals an extremely perfect 
means for securing spore dissemination in a new tree-inhabiting 
Japanese lichen named by the author Sagedia macrospora. The 
rounded sporocarps lie imbedded in the thallus until ripe, when, 
through the weakening of the tissues surrounding them, they separate 
from the thallus as free rounded masses. On absorbing water, the 
sporocarp expands and opens out by means of the hygroscopic prop- 
erties of the walls, exposing the hymenium. The spore-containing 
sacs rupture, thus freeing the spores. The fixation of the free 
sporocarp to the bark of the tree is secured by the sticky outer sur- 
face. The sporocarps by repeated moistening and drying can ‘be 
made to open and close many times, even after killing the living 
parts by heat or other means. 
n über die Schrumpfkrankheit (“ Ishikubyo”) 
1 Miyoshi, M. Untersuchunge t 
: Journ. Coll. of Sci, Imp. Univ. Tokyo, vol. xv, 
des Maulbeerbaumes. II. Bericht. 
pt. iii (1901), pp. 459-464- | E 
? Miyosh : : "M. : Ueber die Sporocarpenevacuation und darauf erfolgendes 
usstreuen bei einer Flechte, Journ. Coll. of Sci, Imp. Univ. Tokyo, vol. xv, 
S 
pt. iii (1901), pp. 367-370. 1 pl. 
