210 THE AMERICAN NATURALIST. [VoL. XXXVI. 
marking would be regarded as a honey guide, but as they are 
nectarless, and are visited by Andrenidz and Diptera for pollen, 
it must have a different significance. It may be due to the 
more abundant nutrition received by the central portion. In 
the cultivated variety called Shirley the edges of the flower are 
white and the center is crimson. If a plant receive a check 
during growth by transplanting, the flower may revert to pure 
white. Such color contrasts, however, render the flowers more 
conspicuous. According to Kerner, honeybees do not visit 
scarlet flowers, either because they do not distinguish this color, 
or because it is unpleasant tothem. Ina garden in front of the 
house where he lived the scarlet geranium, Pelargonium zonale, 
and the narrow-leaved willow-herb, Epilobium angustifolium, 
were in bloom at the same time and not far apart. He observed 
that butterflies visited both indiscriminately ; but the honeybee 
never paused in its flight over the scarlet flowers, though it 
frequently sought the red-purple flowers of the willow-herb. 
The flowers of Papaver are one to three inches broad, and hybrids 
are sometimes twelve inches in width. The flowers of Argemone, 
or prickly poppy, are also several inches in width. A. mexicana 
is yellow, rarely white, and A. alba is regularly white. San- 
guinea canadensis, bloodroot, has a white flower and red sap; $ 
but the flower is sometimes pinkish, as is indicated by the name 
“red Indian paint.” The genera Stylophorum, Glaucium, and 
Chelidonium have yellow sap and yellow flowers. x 
A gfoup of irregular flowers formerly placed in a separate 
family, the Fumariaceæ, are now included in the poppy family. 
The species are fertilized by the long-tongued bees and flies. 
The heart-shaped pendulous flowers of Bicuculla (Dicentra), 
Dutchman’s breeches, are white or pink. The smaller flowers 
of Capnoides (Corydalis) are pale yellow, while the larger are 
bright yellow. | C. sempervirens is pink with yellow tips, and in 
bud is greenish white, while the European C. solida has the 
entire flower red. The influence exerted. sis insects upon the 
pecie colors is very uncertain. 
-"Fhe Cruciferae, ike the Umbelliferee, fomi: a very natural” 
family ; th sely resemble each other and differ chiefly, 

as Müller states, in the number and position of fhehopes inde 
