234 THE AMERICAN NATURALIST. | [Vor. XXXVI, 
shining, yellow bodies, which appear like drops of honey and are 
deceptive to flies, like the mock nectaries of Parnassia. The 
species of Fuchsia are confined chiefly to the shady forests of 
Central and South America. Both whorls of the perianth are 
highly colored, the calyx and stamens crimson or scarlet, and 
the petals purple or red. The flowers are pendulous and visited 
by humming birds. Crimson or scarlet flowers are not common 
where there are no humming birds. Kerner calls attention to 
the rarity of scarlet in south Europe compared with its frequent 
occurrence in tropical America, where in the primeval forests 
there are a great number of scarlet or fire-red species of Bego- 
nias, Fuchsias, Lobelias, Erythrinas, Salvias, and other crimson 
blossoms, which are surrounded by humming birds. Many 
hybrids of Fuchsia have arisen under cultivation. The earliest 
white-sepaled form was produced in England in 1822, while the 
first white corolla was secured in 1853. 
In the Haloragidaceze, or water-milfoil family, the petals are 
small or wanting and the flowers are wind-fertilized. The 
species are mainly aquatic. 
The last of the polypetalous orders is the Umbellales, which 
includes the Araliacee, Umbellifere, and Cornaceze. The 
flowers are small and densely aggregated in umbels, cymes, 
and panicles. In the ginseng family, or Araliaceze, the flowers 
are white or greenish. In open, sunny thickets many plants of 
Aralia hispida grow together and produce numerous umbels 
of inconspicuous flowers with small white petals. The honey 
is abundant and freely exposed, and I have collected upon the 
flowers eighty-two visitors. Bees, with the exception of the 
honeybee, are not common; but the less specialized Hymenop- 
tera, such as ichneumon flies and wasps, are numerous. Not- 
- withstanding their want of bright colors, the flowers are very 
attractive to the butterfly Argynnis aphrodite, several of which 
may often be seen at work on the same plant. Though 4. race- 
mosa may be found growing but a short distance from A. hispida, 
its habitat is within the precincts of shady woods, where the 
greenish flowers attract a much smaller circle of guests. The 
Lene — of A. eter: pen orap are also visited 
, v insects 7 A slight 

