NEW INSTANCES OF COMPLETE DIVISION OF 
THE MALAR BONE, WITH NOTES ON 
INCOMPLETE DIVISION. 
ALES HRDLICKA. 
Tur malar bone in man, and also among lower mammals, is 
found occasionally to present a partial or a complete division. 
The complete malar divisions are in general rare; the incom- 
plete ones are rare in most of the species of the lower mam- 
mals, but are quite common in man. Both varieties of the 
divisions occur with unequal frequency in the different races 
of man, and, seemingly, even in different localities in the same 
people. 
The first case of a complete malar division in man was 
described in 1779 by Ed. Sandifort.1 Since then the anomaly 
has been observed among most of the principal branches of the 
whites and also among the Japanese, Ainos, Chinese, Buriats, 
Bashkirs, Burmans, natives of the Malay Archipelago and of 
the Philippine Islands. The most important contributions to 
the literature of the subject are those by Breschet,? Wenzel 
Gruber? and Virchow*; other authors who occupied them- 
selves with malar divisions are Amadei, Flesch, Riccardi,’ 
1 Observat. Anat. Pathol. Lugd., Batav. 1779. Vol. iii, 8, p. 113. Cit. Gruber. 
2 Recherches sur différentes piéces osseuses du squelette de l'homme et des 
tional publications: on the subject in Arch. f. Anat. u. Phys., 1873, p. 208; 1875, 
p. 194; a p. 230; and in Arch. f. pathol. Anat. u. i ING 1877, Bd. Ixix, p. 382 ; 
and 1879, B d. Ixxvii, p. 113. 
4 Über die ethnologische Bedeutung des os malare bipartitum, Monatsherichte 
d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, 1882, p. ag 
5 Arch. p. P antropol. e P etnolog., 1877, p. 1 
6 Über das zweigetheilte Jochbein, Vero. d. phys.-med. Ges. in Wirelérg, 
1877; pp- 51, 52. 
7 Suture anomale dell’ osso malare, Arch. 2. 7 antropol. e P afa tomo viii - 
(1878); pp. I et seq. 
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