No. 424.] DIVISION OF THE MALAR BONE. 275 
The presence of a malar division is generally held to signify 
a non-fusion of the original centers from which the bone 
developed. It is not yet definitely settled whether there are 
usually two or three of these centers. According to Breschet 
the malar bone develops in the majority of cases from one, in 
a smaller number of instances from two, and occasionally from 
three centers of ossification. Gruber was of a similar opinion. 
Rambauld and Renault, on the other hand, advanced the theory 
that the malar develops always from three points of ossification. 
In the words of these authors (Origine et dévelopment des os 
(Paris, 1864), pp. 161, 162, Atlas, Pl. XIII, Figs. 4, 5), **nous 
l'avons (l'os malaire) toujours vu s'ossifier par un seul centre, 
mais composé de trois points." ‘Ces points... apparaissent 
de trés bonne heure et se réunissent trés-vite." “Vers le 
milieu, et plus souvent à la fin du second mois, l'os malaire 
est composé de trois points." The subject is much in need of 
further embryological investigation. 
Nothing is known as to the immediate causes of the Anomaly 
and but little as to its signification. 
The meaning and importance of the incomplete divisions 
will be considered later. 
New TESTAMENT OF COMPLETE MALAR DIVISION. 
The new cases of complete malar division which came under 
my observation comprise one instance of the anomaly in a 
white adult woman, one in an adult male Peruvian (prehistoric), 
a bilateral division in an orang and in a - 
Lagothrix, and a unilateral one in a Cerco- 
pithecus, a Mycetes, and a bear. In detail, 
these cases are as follows: 
Case I (Fig. 1). — The first specimen con- 
sists of a part of the face, including the 
right malar, of a white adult female, found 
by me among the unidentified bones in Professor Hunting- 
ton's osteological collection in the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons (Medical Department, D MNA New 
York City. 
Fic. 1 
