No. 428. |J NOTES AND LITERATURE. 66 
7 
unaccompanied by figures, thus throwing the student more completely 
on his own resources. Here and there it is perhaps too descriptive, 
as, for instance, on page 74, where the form of the jellyfish might 
have been left for the student to make out for himself. Occasionally 
terms could be improved. Thus, on page r9, in the account of the 
external apertures of the frog, anus is used for cloacal opening ; and on 
page 98 the plates of the starfish are described as 2ozy instead of 
calcareous. Except for the wrong font of s's on page 38, the proof 
reader's work seems to have been done with much care. These 
defects, however, are insignificant compared with the good qualities 
of the book, which will undoubtedly find its way to many laboratories 
where plants and animals are dealt with in a single course. 
ZOOLOGY. 
Gegenbaur’s Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates.'— The 
second and concluding volume of this masterly work deals with 
the digestive and respiratory organs, the organs of circulation, and 
the urogenital system. The present volume is only a little over 
two-thirds the size of the first one, and its real subject-matter is 
still further restricted, in that about one-fifth of its 7oo pages is 
given up to an index of some 20,000 entries, covering both volumes. 
There are 354 text illustrations. One impression made by the 
perusal of this volume, as compared with the first, is some lack of 
completeness. Thus, in the section on the pancreas, though the 
ducts of Wirsung and of Santorini are described, no exact state- 
ment is made as to their relations to the anlages of the gland, and 
the interesting and important phases presented by them in different 
mammals is passed over without comment. The lungless condition 
of many salamanders is only briefly noticed (p. 302). The descrip- 
tion of the arterial system is very fragmentary. Almost no mention 
is made of the coronary arteries, whose conditions in the fishes 
and in the higher vertebrates present many important modifications. 
The exact comparison of the aortic arches of the amniota with 
those of fishes is nowhere very clearly brought forward. Although 
the relations of the azygos and hemiazygos veins of mammals to 
lGegenbaur, C. Vergleichende Anatomie der Wirbelthiere. Bd. ii. Leipzig, 
W. Engelmann, rgor. viii + 696 pp. 
