

692 THE AMERICAN NATURALIST. | [Vor. XXXVI. 
and mentum and prominent three-segmented palpi. But in 
all the Lepidoptera above the Eriocephalide, Micropterygide, 
and Tineidze, from a considerable to a very pronounced speciali- 
zation is present, manifested 










: 1 | x Wh E bya complete reduction of 
AS LAWN WE DN the mandibles, by the reduc- 
2 Sad i) IN tion of the labium to a small 
Gi V Sup LY rigid plate on the ventral side 
d ii NS ZAA of the mouth bearing the per- 
nx € sisting three-segmented palpi, 
Fic. 9. — Frontal aspect of head of imago of and by s remarkable modifica- 
oaa Iconian wa asilia, tion Of the maxillæe whereby 
Zi.~., labial palpus. a 
the galeæ (or laciniæ) are pro- 
longed, grooved on their inner surfaces, and apposed to form 
the familiar sucking proboscis, while the other parts of the max- 
illæ are reduced and fused to form a rigid supporting base for 
the proboscis. In numerous moths no food is taken in the 
adult condition, and here the proboscis itself is reduced slightly 
or much, even to complete atrophy, and in extreme cases there 
is no mouth opening at all. 
Notolophus leucostigma (Figs. 9-12). 
— In the white-marked tussock moth, 
Notolophus leucostigma, the mouth parts 
(Fig. 9) of the adult, although function- 
less, or at least apparently incapable of 
taking food, show all the usual parts 
peculiar to the typical specialized lepi- 
dopterous mouth. The labium isa small 
fixed plate, forming part of the ventral Fic. ro. — Frontal aspect of head 
wall of the head and bearing the conspic- a wah T^ —— jud 
uous hairy three-segmented palpi (/f.) ; mandible; mæ., maxilla; a^ 
2 i maxillary palpus; /., labium. 
the maxillze (wzx.) are simply two slender 
tapering processes, the halves of the usual proboscis, but in 
this case not applied to each other and hence not forming à 
sucking tube ; the maxillary palpi are wholly reduced, and the 
mandibles entirely wanting. 
In the caterpillar (Fig. 10) the biting mouth parts common 
to lepidopterous larvæ are present, with full complement of 

