ing to increase the number of birds about their homes — an esthetic considera- 
tion, but certainly of social importance, as it contributes to the enjoyment of 
life of probably half of the familics in the United States. The attracting- 
bird bulletins and leaflets dealt largely with fruits, the increase of which 
would be helpful, but gave some attention to plants producing relished seeds 
and to artificial feeding, From the former beginning has developed a publica- 
tion on "Plants valuable for wildlife utilization and erosion control", which 
treats the whole gamut of wildlife plant utilities including cover, browse, 
herbage, mast, fruit, and seed, This presentation places at the disposal of 
the wildlife manager basic information of a type essential to the success of 
his work, but not heretofore available, The artificial feeding suggestions 
have been expanded into a publication on "Winter feeding of wildlife on 
northern farms", and about all threads of environmental amelioration have been 
woven together in the text of a Farmers! Bulletin "Improving the farm environ- 
ment for wildlife," Cama 
In the actual practice of wildlife technology, the environmental im- 
provement technique has developed into the covey-unit system of quail manage- 
ment. This concept, taking into account also territorial requirements of the 
birds, aims at the creation, by alteration of the environment, of additional 
"territories" each having facilitios for the year-round support of a covey. 
Putting the system into offect for a few years has in some instances, pro- 
duced a larger number of coveys than had previously been scen for 40 or 50 
years, <Intclligent application of the covey unit of range system seems 
essentially to have solved the problom of quail management, and the principles 
involved obvicusly have a place in the managonent of all relatively seden- 
tary forms of wildlife, Such species are the objectives of most upland 
wildlife management, applied on farms, and on private and public shooting 
preserves, procedure of financial and recreational interest to all farmers 
and sportsmen concerned, and therefore of distinct social value. 
The technique of food-habits research necessarily deals with injurious 
as well as useful feeding habits of wildlife and thus has led to study of 
material damage done to crops and other property and of methods of preventing 
or controlling it, From this beginning developed all the control practices 
that have been perfected in the Biological Survey, for years a major activity 
of the Bureau. The wildlife manager, from time to time, has need for informa- 
tion on control procedure, and it is ready made for his use in any emergency. 
% o 
Wildlife Technology in Conservation 
The technology cf wildlife management pervades the whole field of 
wildlife conservation. It is as necessary to success in pure conservation 
as in management for use, Wildlife refuges, for instance, cannot serve 
their highest usefulness if merely established and forgotsen, Without 
attention they may readily change into something quite different from what 
was planned, Unless there is pruning and thinning, trees and shrubs will 
"take the place", thus changing conditions vital for wildlife occupation. 
Animal populations will fluctuate, and without attention to these changes 
in numbers and the resultant effects upon the carrying capacity of a terrain 
and the interrelations of organisms, the area may turn out to be anything 
but a haven of safety for the animals it was intended to benefit. 
