228 L. A. Waddell — On some new and little "known [No. 3, 



Jhariya is a Santali form of the colloquial Hindi jharna (Sanskrit 

 jhar) a spring or cascade. This spiing is situated at the eastern end of 

 a marsh fed by it. It is recorded under the name of ' Jervapani ' in 

 Mr. Oldham's list, with a temperature of 87° F. I found by wading into 

 the marsh, the temperature to be 93°, while a streamlet about 100 yards 

 off was 76°. The outflow is copious. 



Tat-ldi, also called Tdt-noi, is a Bengali corruption of Tapta nadi or 

 the hot rivulet.'* This spring is well named, as its outflow is so very 

 copious that it produces at once a large stream. It emerges about 50 

 yards from the left bank of the Bhurbhiiri river near the village of 

 Palasi, from numerous chinks, in the rocky gneissic bed of a small 

 streamlet. These chinks, giving vent to the spring, extend over an area 

 or" about 20 x 2^ yards. In the cool winter morning the position of 

 the spring is indicated by the dense clouds of vapour hanging over it 

 and also along the issuing stream for several hundred yards. The 

 water has a decidedly sulphuretted odour, but it did not perceptibly 

 blacken a silver coin on two minutes immersion. A good deal of flaky 

 deposit is found in the bed of the stream, and confervas grow even at 

 the hottest parts of the spring where the temperature is 14S'5° F. Ten 

 yards above the spring the temperature of the streamlet is 58° F. and 

 the aerial temperature is 59°. The highest temperature recorded in 

 July 1882 by Mr. Oldham was 145° ;f while Dr. Buchanan found the 

 temperature to be 148° F. on the 28th October circa 1809. J 



Nun-bil or the ' saline marsh ' is a small marsh containing several 

 hot springs of a sulphurous nature, and the sulphurous deposit accumu- 

 lating in the marsh appears to have given rise to this name. The chief 

 spring is found where an adjoining rivulet has cut away the soil near a 

 border of the marsh. At the time of my visit this spring was not 

 visible in the sandy bed of the stream ; but an old resident indicated a 

 spot where on digging to a depth of about two feet a spring feebly well- 

 ing up was reached. Another hole was dug about a yard above this one, 

 and reached a more copious spring with hotter water. This point is in the 

 river bed 17 yards distant in a direct line, 3° east of North (magnetic), 

 from the large sal tree on the river bank sacred to the goddess of the 

 spring. At first the temperature only rose to 1 13° F„, but on cutting a 



* In colloquial Bengali the sun's heat (tapta) is ordinarily spoken of as tat, 

 and hot rice is called bhdt tdta. The word nadi in Bengali is indifferently pro- 

 nounced nodi or lodi, the n and I being always interchangeable, and the short a 

 acquiring in Bengali an 6 sound ; moreover the d is occasionally dropped from this 

 word, e. g. in Baraloi and Bansloi, the names of rivers in the adjoining districts of 

 Birbhum and Bajshahi. 



f Op. cit., p. 43. t Loc. ait., p. 198. 



