

Observations on the Brains of Men and Animals infected with 
Various Forms of Trypanosomes. Preliminary Note. 
| By F. W. Mort, M.D., F.R.S. 
(Received March 14,—Read March 16, 1905.) 
The material upon which these observations are based has been forwarded 
to me from Uganda, with the exception of the brain of a rabbit kindly given 
to me by Dr. Plimmer. 
By the desire of the Committee on Tropical Diseases of this Society, 
Colonel Bruce has given instructions to his assistants, and they have 
forwarded to me from Entebbe, material from cases of Sleeping Sickness, 
24 in all; also portions of the brains of eight monkeys experimentally 
infected, two oxen, and one donkey. 
The tissues have been preserved in Formol-Miiller’s solution, or they 
have been sent already embedded in paraffin after having been hardened 
a short time in formalin. Sections were cut of either 5 w or 10 ww in 
thickness; they were stained by Romanowsky, Leishman, Nissl polychrome, 
or Weigert-Gram methods, thus enabling observations to be made 
regarding :— 
(a) The existence of trypanosomes or Leishman bodies, 
(6) Changes in the ganglion cells and neuroglia cells. 
(c) Changes in the blood, the endothelial cells of the vessels, and the 
peri-vascular spaces, and soft membranes. 
(d) The existence of micro-organisms. 
(e) The existence of plasma cells, and other cells indicative of chronic 
inflammatory degenerative changes. 
It may be mentioned that in a number of instances sections of the 
lymphatic glands, some of which were removed during life and others post- 
mortem, were examined by the same methods. The principal pathological 
conditions observed were either drawn or photographed. 
In every case of Sleeping Sickness, in which there were symptoms during 
lite, the characteristic change (which I described in two cases reported by 
Sir Patrick Manson) of a chronic meningo-encephalitis was found. In every 
chronic case I have found also plasma cells of Marscholko, which by some 
observers were considered to be pathognomonic of another chronic meningo- 
encephalitis, general paralysis of the insane. 
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