Beetles 



The Japanese beetle, though attacking the foliage of cranberries to 

 some extent, often completely skeletonizes the leaves and devours the fruit 

 of blueberry and huckleberry plants. This beetle is preyed upon by 16 species 

 of birds, the most important being the catbird, European starling, meadow lark, 

 purple grackle, and cardinal. 



Among beetles that attack the fruit of blueberries and cranberries, 

 certain of the long-horned varieties and the leaf beetles deserve serious 

 consideration. In the first group is the blueberry stem borer, eaten by the 

 downy woodpecker and orchard oriole. The second group includes the various 

 blueberry and cranberry flea beetles, the blueberry stem borer, and other leaf 

 beetles. These are taken by upwards of 100 species of birds and in numbers by 

 the upland game birds, cuckoos, nighthawk, chimney swift, woodpeckers, fly- 

 catchers, swallows, horned lark, crow, wrens, mockingbird, catbird, brov/n 

 thrasher, robin, thrushes, bluebird, kinglets, pipit, European starling, vireos, 

 warblers, English sparrow, meadow lark, blackbirds (especially the purple 

 grackle), rose-breasted grosbeak, and native sparrows. 



Sawflies 



The cranberry sawfly has occasioned serious loss through leaf eating by 

 the larvae. Sawflies have been eaten by 78 species of birds of the cranberry 

 and blueberry associations, their most important enemies being*- the ruffed 

 grouse, upland plover, swallows, black-capped chickadee, vireos, and the 

 English sparrow. 



Bugs 



The brown stinkbug may at times become a serious blueberry pest, since 

 it feeds on the ripe fruit. This bug has been found in the food of 11 species 

 of birds, of which the most persistent eaters are the sharp-tailed grouse, 

 black-bellied and upland plovers, European starling, and meadow lark. 



Many of the leaf bugs have been found on cranberry and blueberry plants 

 and may do considerable injury where conditions are favorable. In the areas 

 covered by this study, many kinds of birds take leaf bugs, those deserving 

 special mention being the bobwhite, nighthawk, chimney swift, woodpeckers, fly- 

 catchers, swallows, wrens, the robin and other thrushes, kinglets, European 

 starling, warblers, English sparrow, blackbirds, and the chipping sparrow. 



The spittle insects are eaten commonly by at least 35 birds, among them 

 the nighthawk, black-capped chickadee, wrens, European starling, vireos, war- 

 blers, and the English sparrow. The blueberry spittle bug, a species also in- 

 jurious to the cranberry, is found in the food of the ruffed grouse, nighthawk, 

 cliff swallow, and English sparrow. 



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