III. Trees with broad-leaved foliage, deciduous. 
A. Leaves alternate. 
a. Leaves simple. 
1. Leaves long, more or less pointed, short stalked, 
usually entire. Buds covered by a single scale. 
Bark has bitter, quininelike taste. 
THE WILLOWS (p. 24) 
2. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, long stalked, dentate. 
Winter buds resinous, with several thin scales. 
Bark pale and furrowed. 
THE POPLARS (p. 22) 
3. Leaves ovate, coarsely serrate, minutely pubescent 
or hairy on upper surface, pale yellow beneath; 
V/z to 3 inches long, 1 to 1% inches wide. Bark 
thin, reddish brown to nearly white, peeling in 
layers around the tree. 
THE BIRCHES (p. 28) 
4. Leaves lobed, serrate, 3 to 6 inches long by 1% to 4 
inches wide, with stout petioles. Fruit, a cone 
one-half to three-fourths inch long and three- 
eighths inch thick. Bark, light gray; winter buds, 
dark red. 
THE ALDERS (p. 30) 
5. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, sometimes 3-lobed, 1 
to 3 inches long by one-half to 1% inches wide, 
with stout, rigid petioles. Fruit, an apple less 
than 1 inch in diameter. A small tree with red- 
brown bark covered with slatelike scales. 
OREGON CRAB APPLE (p. 32) 
aa. Leaves compound. 
Leaves composed of 7 to 17 serrate leaflets seldom 
over 2 inches long. Fruit, a cluster of red berries. 
THE MOUNTAIN-ASH (p. 34) 
AA. Leaves opposite. 
a. Leaves simple. 
THE MAPLES (p. 36) 
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