- 2- 
Calif. Biological Control of Red, Yellow le, and Other 
Diaspine Scales on Citrus, Avocado, Walnut and Ornamentals. 
To a) search for, introduce, rear in quarantine and study 
biologically and natural enemies new to California; 
(2) colonize, recover, and evaluate effectiveness of introduced 
natural enemies; (3) evaluate effectiveness of already 
established natural enemies and develop methods to increase 
efficiency, if needed; and (4) evaluate effect of sprays, 
dusts, and fumigants on natural enemy=-host population 
interactions in field and develop methods to reduce to a 
minimum the adversity of such materials. 
Biol. Control., Ent. 1493 
Calif. Evaluation and Ways of lementing Biological Control 
of Olive Scale. (1) Fully evaluate inherent potentials of 
biological control of olive scale by Aphytis maculicornis, or 
other promising species. (2) Study the environmental and 
cultural complex of associated factors, to augment degree of 
biological control and to replace chemical control by 
biological methods when possible. 
Biol. Control. 1750 
Calif. The Systematics and Biology of Scale Insects. Study 
taxonomic aspects of certain groups of scale insects 
(Homoptera - Coccoidea): a revision of Nilotaspis Ferris 
and allied generaj a study of scale insect species identified 
in connection with the 1951 exploration for parasites of the 
olive parlatoria scale, Parlatoria oleae (Colvee). 
Ente, Parasitol. 1775 
Hawaii The Biology and Ecology. of Dacus Dorsalis, D. Cucurbitae 
and Ceratitis Capitata in the HaWalian Islands and or other 
Trypetiane on Sees Became Established There. To learn 
the range and abundance of the species, a program of 
trapping adult flies throughout the Territory will be carried 
out, as well as a program of rearing flies fram fruit, both 
bait and naturally occurring fruit. To determine seasonal 
variation in abundance the above program will be continued 
and field observations made to obtain data on activities 
throughout the year. To determine the hosts of each species, 
field and lab observations on host fruit and host 
preference of each species will be made. And to study the 
relationship of the flies to each other and to other 
species, field observations and lab examination will be made, 
giving special attention to parasites and predators. 
Ent. 960-3 
