INDEX 
Sitta europaea (Nuthatch), 270 
Skinner, John, 10 
skulls, lead-filled, 200 
slag, 188, 192, 303 
slates, metamorphic, 215, 216 
Slimbridge (Gloucester), 249 
slip, red, 189 
sloes, 17, 18, 178, 179 
Sloper, George, 3, 6, 9 
slugs, 183, 191 
Smallis, William, 57 
Smeth, Perys, 53 
Smethe, John, 39, 40, 45, 48, 53; accounts, 
56, 57, 59, 60; cloth mark, 61 
Smith, Revd. Alfred Charles (c.1823-99), 
fieldwork, 198, 278 
Smith, Godfrey, 298 
Smith, Harold Clifford (1876-1960), 282 
Smith, I. F, 164 
Smith, Joshua, 3, 8 
Smith, Michael, 298 
Smith, Miss, 276 
Smith, Reginald Allender (d. 1940), 275, 
276, 277, 282 
Smith, Thomas, 2 
Smith, William (1769-1839), 4; principle of 
stratigraphy, 26, 33n 
SMR (Sites and Monuments Record), 93, 
21237 
snails, 187; extinct, 243; land, 63, 66, 69-71, 
166, 171-4, 182, 191-2 
snake worship theory, 206 
snakes, 264 
social class: and archaeological societies, 
281; middle classes, 6, 10; upper classes, 
5, 8, 9, 10, 11; working classes, 10-11 
social clubs, 11 
social events, 8 
social life, 18th century, 1-14 
social trends, 18th century, 1 
sodium, 268 
sodium hydroxide, 135 
soil horizons, 68-9, 71, 72 
soil pollen, 71 
soils, 3, 151, 157, 234, 258; buried, 66, 68-9, 
71, 76, 187, 191-2, 242-3; calcareous, 69, 
71, 171, 175, 187, 219, 228; chalk, 71, 95, 
150, 177, 179; deflation, 187; disturbed, 
95; humic, 175, 187; medieval deposits, 
305; pH, 259; pollen preservation, 175; 
prehistoric, 177, see also rendzinas 
Solanum dulcamara (Bitter-sweet), 178 
Solanum cf. nigrum (Black Nightshade), 178 
soldier flies, 265-6, 271 
solution hollows, 152—3, 154, 185 
solution pipes, 151, 153 
Somerford Keynes (Gloucestershire), 301 
Somerset, 5; clothiers, 35, 37, 38, 40, 43, 46, 
54; manors, 35; water pipelines, 145, see 
also Beckington; Ilchester; Mendip 
Hills; Penselwood 
Somerset Archaeological 
History Museum, 290 
Sonchus spp. (sow-thistles), 98 
Sonchus arvensis (Perennial Sow-thistle), 97 
Sonchus asper (Prickly Sow-thistle), 97 
songs, 6, 10 
Sorbus spp. (rowans/whitebeams), 18 
Sotheby’s, 282, 284n 
South African Wars (1899-1902), 275 
South Gloucestershire see Chipping 
Sodbury; Kingswood 
South Lodge (Dorset), 123, 140 
South Marston, 305 
Southampton (Hants), 31 
Southey, Robert (1774-1843), 4, 10 
Southwark (Greater London), 99 
Southwick, Cutteridge Farm, 306 
Sowerby, George Brettingham the elder 
(1788-1854), The Genera of Recent and 
Fossil Shells (1820-342), 27 
Sowerby, James (1757-1822), 32; English 
and Natural 
Botany (1790-1814), 4; fossils, 4; Mineral 
Conchology (1812-46), 25—6, 33n 
Sowerby, James de Carle (1787-1871), 27 
Sowerby family: correspondence, 27; 
fossils, 26, 27, 33n 
Sowle, John, 45 
Spalding, Dr, 2 
Spalding, Mrs, 7 
Spanish chestnuts, 17 
Sparganium spp. (bur-reeds), 231 
Sparganium erectum (Branched Bur-reed), 
263 
sparrowhawks, 262 
spas, 11 
spearheads, 140, 200; Saxon, 275 
spears, 93 
Special Areas of Conservation (SACs), 258 
Spectator, The, 2 
Speechly, William (fl. 1776-1821), 3 
spelt, 192 
Spencer, Brian, 293 
Spergula arvensis (Corn Spurrey), 137 
Sphaerophoria scripta (hoverfly), 98 
Sphagnum spp. (mosses), 232-3 
Sphagnum palustre (moss), 264 
Sphagnum plumulosum (moss), 233 
spiders, 266, 271 
spinners, 54 
spinning, 42, 5C, 51; wool, 49 
Spong Hill (Norfolk), 166 
sponges, 25, 33n 
spores, 71, 175, 229; bracken, 135; ferns, 
177 
sporting season, 10 
sports, 10, 11 
springs, 255, 257 
SPTA see Salisbury Plain Training Area 
(SPTA) 
squirrels, 270 
SSSIs (Sites of Special Scientific Interest), 
258, 259, 269 
stables, 303 
Stace; C;,-1135 
staddle-stones, 211 
Stafford, Elizabeth, note on molluscs from 
Latton Lands, 126-8 
Staines (Surrey), 159, 166 
standing stones, 276 
Stansbie, Dan, 304; report on excavations 
at Latton Lands, 106-43 
Stanton Drew (Bath and North East 
Somerset), 203, 206, 207 
Stanton Fitzwarren, 276 
stars, 206 
staters, 280 
stationers, 6 
Staverton: Marina Drive, 305; New 
Terrace, 305 
steam, 5 
Steeple Ashton, clothiers, 39, 42, 47-9 
Steeple Langford: Corpus Christi Barn, 
306; Duck Street, 306 
Stenus niveus (rove beetle), 269 
Stepleton (Dorset), 170 
Stern, Rod, 271 
Stert;!> 
Stevens, Frank (c.1868—1949), 282 
Stills, Robert, 60 
stinging nettles, 260 
stoats, 271 
Stockton, 72, 73, 74; Stockton Earthworks, 
308; Stockton Wood, 308 
Stoke Newington (Greater London), 35 
Stokes, Robert, 53, 56 
Stone, J. E S. (Marcus’) (d.1957), 92, 146 
stone blocks, 188, 305 
stone circles, 278—9; Broome, 197, 199, 210, 
278; concentric, 206-7; destruction, 
199, 205, 206, 208; North Wiltshire, 
197-210; purpose, 205-6; Swindon area, 
197, 274; Winterbourne Bassett, 197-9, 
210 
323 
stone curlews, 98 
stone objects, 275 
stonecutters, 79, 82 
Stonehenge, 82, 87, 198, 241; Aubrey 
Holes, 200; Avenue, 280; bluestones, 
207; car park, 242; collections, .273; 
Cursus, 243; excavations, 280; Friar’s 
Heel, 206; geology, 308; inhumations, 
92, 93; Morganwg on, 86; pits, 71; 
sarsens, 83, 84, 85; stones, 80, 200, see 
also Amesbury 
Stonehenge Environs Project, 224, 242, 243 
Stonehenge Improvement, 307-8 
Stonehenge Visitors Centre, 300-1 
stonemasons, 10, 82, 83 
stones, 80, 277; burnt, 108, 115, 125, 140; 
capping, 66; ground, 166; polished, 115, 
125, see also sarsens 
stonework: Neolithic, 166; Roman, 302, see 
also flintwork; hammerstones; querns 
storage pits, 139 
Storey, M. W., 271 
Stott, Jacob, 50 
Stour Valley, 176 
Stourhead collections, 280-1 
Stourhead—Salisbury coach road, 146, 148— 
9 
Stourton with Gasper: Stourhead, 280-1, 
see also Whitesheet Down 
Stradivari, Antonio (c.1644—1737), 6 
Strangalia aurentula (longhorn beetle), 269 
Strangalia quadrifasciata (longhorn beetle), 
269 
stratigraphy: at West Barn, Bradford-on- 
Avon, 211-17; Avon Valley, 228-9; Folly 
Bottom, 234; pollen studies, 135; 
Smith’s principle of, 26, 33n 
Stratiomys potamida (Banded General 
Soldier Fly), 271 
Stratton St Margaret, 205, 275; church, 200 
streams, 257, 258, 264 
Strix aluco (Tawny Owl), 270 
Stroudwater (Gloucestershire), 55n 
Stuart, James, 4th Duke of Lennox and Ist 
Duke of Richmond (1612-55), 30 
Stukeley, William (1687-1765), 79, 83, 85, 
87, 202, 204; Abury (1743), 197-8, 200; 
fieldwork, 278; on sarsens, 84; snake 
worship theory, 206; Stonehenge (1740), 
200 
Stumpe, William, 40, 43, 48; accounts, 45; 
cloth marks, 60 
Stylle, Robert, 58, 60 
subscription lists, 2 
Succisa pratensis (Devil’s-bit Scabious), 265, 
268 
Sudan, 275 
Suffolk: manors, 35, see also Aldeburgh; 
Bury St Edmunds; Hengrave; Ipswich; 
Newmarket; Orwell; Sutton Hoo; 
Walberswick 
Sully, Maximilien de Bethune, baron de 
Rosny, duc de (1560-1641), Memoires des 
sages et royales (1638; 1662), 2 
Summers, Audrey, 271 
Summers, Harry, 55n 
Sun, worship, 205, 206 
Sunbury (Surrey), 123 
surgeons, 6 
Surrey see Staines; Sunbury 
surveys: barrows, 64-6; Whitesheet Hill, 
146-8 
Sus scrofa (Wild Boar), 170 
Sussex, 232, 274, 284n; causewayed 
enclosures, 186 
Sutherland, Carol Humphrey Vivian 
(1908-86), 282 
Sutton, Eleanor, 9 
Sutton, James, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10 
Sutton, Mrs, 3, 8,9 
Sutton Hoo (Suffolk), executions, 92 
Sutton Veny, 72, 73, 74 
