lv Obituary Notices of Fellows deceased. 
Government of India. He then set to work to introduce systematic forest 
management on scientific lines throughout India. A regular department was 
created, and a forest law was passed which provided for the demarcation and 
management of the State forests. Brandis travelled from one end of the 
Bengal Presidency to the other, advising and organising the department. 
He also visited the Bombay Presidency twice, and he spent two years 
{1881—83) in Madras on special duty. 
When he first started operations, he had to do with what staff he could 
lay his hands on, but he determined to obtain one fit to deal with the 
requirements of the case. There were already a few military officers in the 
Department, some of them medical men, and he began by inducing others to 
join. Some of these did excellent service, and they gave tone to the new 
Department. In 1866, while on sick leave in England, he obtained the 
sanction of the late Marquis of Salisbury, the Secretary of State for India, to 
educate young Englishmen in Continental forest schools, partly in France 
and partly in Germany. Under this system of training, which lasted until 
1886, a number of distinguished Forest officers were supplied to India. 
About the year 1881, a movement was set on foot to arrange for the 
education of Indian forest officers in Britain, and this led, in 1885, to the 
establishment of a School of Forestry in connection with the Royal Indian 
Engineering College at Coopers Hill. Brandis, who had then retired, was, of 
course, consulted about this move, and he did not approve of it, considering 
it to be premature. After some years, however, he agreed to superintend the 
practical training of the students on the Continent, from 1888 to 1896, when 
his functions ceased. On the closure of Coopers Hill, the forest branch was, 
in 1905, transferred to the University of Oxford. But Brandis went a step 
further. In 1878 he started a forest school at Dehra Dun for the training of 
natives of India, which now sends annually from forty to fifty trained 
executive officers into the Service. By these combined means a trained staff 
of 200 Englishmen and more than 1,000 Indians has been obtained which, 
assisted by about 10,000 subordinates, manages the Indian State forests, 
which comprise an area of 239,000 square miles, equal to one-fourth of the 
area of British India. 
The results of Brandis’ work in India are very remarkable. The supply of 
timber, firewood, and a variety of other produce to the teeming millions of 
India has been placed on a satisfactory footing; the productiveness of the 
forests 1s increasing year by year; the more important areas are protected 
against jungle fires, and the net revenue from the forests has risen from 
£40,000 in 1864 to £660,000 in 1904, although produce valued at a similar 
sum is given annually free of charge to the people of the country. 
Brandis was equally interested in the indirect effects of forest vegetation. 
He started experimental stations at Dehra Dun and in Central India, where 
observations were made to test the effects of forests on temperature, 
humidity of the air and the soil, and the preservation of mountain slopes. 
His interest in the subject is testified by the fact that he was the first to 
