28 Prof. W. J. Sollas. On the Cramal and [May 15, 
is given. And also that to the centrum ovale as seen in the sagittal, horizontal, 
and coronal planes. 
The knowledge of the exact part of the brain which is supplied by any 
artery is of great importance in the diagnosis of the parts of the brain which 
undergo softening when this particular artery is blocked by a blood clot. 
On the Cranial and Facial Characters of the Neandertal Race. 
By W. J. Souas, Se.D., LL.D., Professor of Geology in the 
University of Oxford. 
(Received May 15,—Read November 14, 1907.) 
(Abstract.) 
As a result of a detailed comparison of the calvarium of the Neandertal 
race with that of the aborigines of South Australia, it is shown that a much 
closer resemblance exists between them than has hitherto been supposed, 
especially as regards the calottal height, calottal index, Schwalbe’s (“bregma”) 
angle, the bregma index, the frontal and orbito-frontal angles, the superior 
(“lambda”) and inferior inion angles, and the fronto-parietal index. The chief 
differences are to be found in the magnitude of the cephalic index, the 
continuity of the frontal torus, and the deeply impressed character of the 
frontal fossa. 
Comparisons based on the glabella-inion line are misleading, owing to the 
inconstancy in position of the inion. In the absence of any fixed point in 
the skull, the centre of figure of the median longitudinal section is chosen for 
a point of reference, and a radius drawn from this to the basion as an initial 
line for the measurement of polar co-ordinates. 
The exterior foramino-basal angle owes its perplexing anomalies to the 
fact that its magnitude is determined by five independent variables, one of 
which is connected with the cranial height, so that in depressed forms of 
skull it acquires a higher value than might otherwise be expected. 
The Gibraltar skull, preserved in the Royal College of Surgeons, is the 
only example of the Neandertal race which presents the bones of the face 
and the basi-cranial axis in undisturbed connection with the calvarium. Its 
characters, apart from the cranial vault, are unique: no other known skull 
possesses so long a face, such a large and broad nasal aperture, or such pro- 
jecting nasal walls. In profile, the nasal curve flows into that of the glabella, 
