KILAUEA, HAWAIL 203 
Seleniferous sulphur.—This is an orange-coloured sulphur. — Its 
colour at once suggested that it might contain selenium, which Prof. 
Silliman’s examinations detected. A portion mixed with peroxyd of 
manganese and distilled, yielded a seleniferous product in water with 
sulphuric acid; and, after washing, it afforded strongly the odour of 
selenium, resembling putrid horse-radish. 
The nature of the gases of Kilauea, beyond the existence of steam 
and sulphurous acid, has not yet been determined. 
VILL. Botting movement in Kilauea, and its influence on the distri- 
bution of the volcanic material—T here is nothing more interesting in 
all the features of Kilauea than the apparent flow of its lavas in an un- 
ceasing current to the southwest. Irom the black ledge opposite the 
great lake, the stream is seen to move on with a rate which has been 
estimated at three and a half miles an hour; and even from the upper 
walls of the crater it is very apparent in the movement of the jets over 
the surface. The true explanation already mentioned was first offered 
by Rev. T. Coan, and is published in the Missionary Herald for 1841. 
Such a flow is well compared to the motion in a boiling cauldron, for 
it can be nothing else. Moreover, in a confined space like the vertical 
conduit of a crater, or a cauldron of water, such an outward flow at 
the surface is necessarily connected with a complete circulation,—a 
descending of the material laterally, as well as a rising at the centre. 
In connexion with this circulation, another fact should be con- 
sidered,—that the temperature of the liquid would increase with the 
depth or pressure. At one of the geysers of Iceland, Descloiseaux 
has lately found* that at a depth of seventy-one feet, or within a foot 
of the bottom, the temperature at one trial was 2615° F’.; and from 
* Annales de Chimie et de Physique, xix. 444, April, 1847. Observations physiques 
et géologiques sur les principaux geysirs CIslande; par M. A. Desciroisraux.—Des- 
cloiseaux obtained the first of the following results in a trial four hours before a great 
eruption: whole depth of the geyser at the time, 23°50 meters. The second three hours 
after a great eruption, and eleven hours before a following one: depth 22°75 meters, 
Dist. from bottom Dist. from bottom 
in meters. Temp in meters, Temp. 
2230) = - - - - 850°C. 2250 - - - - = G0:09RC: 
19°55 - - - - - §52°9 19-70 - - - - = 90:02 
14:75 - - - - - 1064° 1630 - - - - - 109-0° 
9°85 - ° - - - 120-49 900 = - - - - 121-19 
5:00 - - - - + 123-09 6-00 - - - - - 121-69 
0-30 - - - - - 127-09 0:30 - - - - - 122-59 
M. Descloiseaux determines by calculation that in the second case the temperature of 
ebullition at bottom is 135:31° C, 
