MOUNT LOA, HAWAIL 211 
was the discovery of a small “beacon-fire’ near the summit of the 
dome. 
A still more wonderful fact is reported, that during this eruption, 
there was no unusual commotion, or change whatever in Kilauea, the 
great lateral crater of the dome, ten thousand feet below.* 
c. Subordinate Craters and Fissures of Mount Loa. 
Mount Loa has been described as abounding on all sides in craters. 
Its eruptions seldom end without throwing up one cone or more of 
lava or cinders over some parts of the opened fissures. ‘The most re- 
markable region of craters, however, lies to the south and southeast, 
over the lower slopes of the mountain. From Kilauea, where this 
region commences, there is a series of craters extending along to the 
southeast and east, and terminating in the eastern cape Kapoho; and 
another by a former fissure running southwest, passing about five 
miles from Kapapala. 
Kilauea and its eruptions have already been described : we proceed 
to notice briefly the other craters, deriving the facts principally from 
the map of Captain Wilkes and Mr. Drayton (reduced on page 169,) 
together with the observations of Dr. C. Pickering, as the author’s 
limited time did not allow of his giving the region a personal exami- 
nation. 
Immediately adjoining Kilauea on the east there are two pit-craters, 
—that is, mere pits, like Kilauea, and not volcanic cones. One is 
situated near the northeast side, and is separated from the large crater 
by a wall half a mile wide, (7, figure on page 173.) It is circular, and 
about 7,000 feet in diameter, a size that in any other part of the world 
would be considered large. ‘The interior is well wooded ; at bottom 
there is a bed of lava. We have already stated that part of the erup- 
tion of 1832 flowed into it. The other crater near the southeast side 
of Kilauea is a much smaller pit (s, same figure.) It is called Arare 
ororo ; according to the estimate of Dr. Pickering, it measures eight 
hundred feet by six hundred feet in diameter, and is three hundred 
feet deep: 
In a line running east-southeast from the small crater just mentioned 
(see map, page 169), and within a distance of five miles, there are 
four other pit-craters, and farther to the eastward, in the course of six 
* See Missionary Herald, xxxix. 382, where it is mentioned by Dr. Andrews that 
during the eruption, Kilauea was visited by Mr. Wilcox, and the above facts ascertained. 
The same has been affirmed by the Rey. T. Coan, 
