KAUAL 27] 
miles north of Wailua, there is a high broken ridge with needle 
summits, in which the usual stra \iication is apparent. At this 
place there is a hole quite through the ridge, near the base of 
one of the summit needles: when ‘first seen, the light shining 
through, appeared like a star in the horizon. Beyond Anahola to 
the northward there are other ridges which extend towards the 
mountains. 
The features of these ranges were only cursorily examined on a 
rapid walk from Koloa to Hanalei. Their abrupt sides, thin and 
sharp summits, craggy peaks,—the stratified structure, arising from 
basaltic layers often more or less columnar,—and the dip seaward, of 
eight or ten degrees,—are tie points of prominent interest which 
were ascertained. 
c. Lateral Craters of Koloa. 
The region east of the village of Koloa and south of Hoary Head 
ridge, is occupied by several craters and their eject ons, having much 
resemblance in character and condition to those of Oahu, and appear- 
ing to be of more recent origin than any 
other portion of the island. This vol- 
canic tract covers a space of eig'.t or 
ten square miles. ‘The craters are eight 
in number, and are confined to a single 
square mile (represented in the annexed 
cut), near the easternmost extremity of 
the tract, or the southeast corner of the 
island. Black layers of lava, as bare as 
many of the lava fields of Mount Loa, 
form the surface of a large part of the 
region, especially near the village of 
Koloa; while other portions, commen- 
cing about two miles from Koloa, consist 
of large blocks lying loosely together, as near Diamond Hill, with 
scarcely a single shrub over the surface; and still others, including a 
part of the craters themselves, consist of red earth. The solid layers 
of lava have, in many places, a ropy surface, and they are bulged up 
into domes and ridges, covering ovens and subterranean chambers, 
like the modern eruptions of Hawaii. These caverns are often of 
