UPOLU. 325 
scoriaceous lava, some of it in twisted shapes, and with every appear- 
ance of subaerial origin. ‘There was probably an eruption here during 
the period when the crater, now the site of Lanu-To’o, was in action. 
I did not observe a distinct crater at this place. 
The lavas of the western district have in some places flowed over 
the old soil and covered fragments of wood, which are now carbonized. 
The falls at Apia is the only spot, as far as I could learn, where this 
may be seen. The basaltic lava overlies a tufa in which small frag- 
ments of carbonaceous matter are imbedded. 
B. Eastern District.—In the view of the eastern district from the 
northwest (fig. 1), the gradually sloping surface rises in the form of a 
low dome, at the top of which the horns of Olomanga (A), the principal 
Fig. 1. 
Wy 
le 
ih A! 
crater of this district, slightly project. ‘The summit is prolonged to 
the southward and westward, and in two or three places is surmounted 
by the low cones of other large craters. Another crater, Fanganga 
(B), just shows itself on the eastern slopes of Olomanga, at half or two- 
thirds of its altitude. C, D, and E are summits of other craters. 
Figure 2 is nearly an end view of the line of the several craters, and 
consequently Fanganga is in front of Olomanga. ‘The letters em- 
ployed to distinguish the craters will enable the reader to compare the 
cuts. Figure 2 exhibits a remarkable feature in this district : it is a 
precipice three to six hundred feet high, which fronts the sea to the 
southeast, and appears to be a section of the dome that once sloped far 
away in this direction. 
Besides these craters, we may connect with this district the four 
small islets that lie off this end of the island one and a half to two 
miles from the coast. They are the remains of craters, and in one the 
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