44 WORKING PLAN, LANDS IN BERKELEY COUNTY, S. C. 
Fresh or moist rich loams are practically the only soils on which this 
tree grows, aS moisture, combined with proper soil conditions, is 
absolutely necessary to its life. 
The yellow poplar grows to large size, exceeding 100 feet in height 
and 4 feet in diameter. It generally has a long, straight, cylindrical 
bole, with a small, flat, forked crown. It appears to be uniformly 
sound, but most of the trees are mature. 
Yellow poplar is always a dominant tree on the tract, never grow- 
ing under the shade of other trees. Next to longleaf pine it is the 
most intolerant species found. Reproduction is practically wanting. 
Saplings and poles are sparingly present, and the indications are that 
the species is not increasing its representation. 
HICKORY. 
Owing to similarity of occurrence and development, and to the rela- 
tive nonimportance of this genus on the tract, all of the hickories 
found will be discussed collectively. 
Scattered individuals occur along streams and pocosons and in the 
bottoms, associated with maple, ash, gums, oaks, beech, yellow pop- 
lar, cypress, and loblolly pine. Hickories are rarely found on the 
drier soils. A fresh or moist soil is sought, but excessively wet soils 
are avoided. A rich, light loam best favors its development. 
Hickory seldom reaches a diameter of over 20 inches, though trees 
over 30 inches in diameter are occasionally found. It reaches a maxi- 
mum height of about 80 feet. It is generally short, with a long, 
straggling crown, and is apt to be crooked and defective. Hickory is 
not so tolerant as the black gum or maple, but ranks more nearly with 
the red gum in this respect. 
Reproduction other than from sprouts is almost never seen, and 
sprouts are not plentiful. 
WHITE ASH. 
White ash occursas scattered individuals along streams and through- 
out the drier and in the deeper swamps. It is rarely of merchantable 
size, but is more frequently found in sapling and pole stages. It occurs 
in mixture with all the species found in both the bottoms and swamps. 
A moist or wet soil is favorable to the growth of this’ species, a moist 
one preferred. Hence the best growth is on the rich loams of the bot- 
tomlands. “The tree seldom exceeds 2 feet in diameter and 80 feet in 
height. Under favorable conditions it develops a long, clear bole and 
a small crown, but tends to be crooked and unsound. 
Ash is one of the tolerant species, ranking with maple and the gums 
in this respect. Reproduction is very scant, but saplings and poles 
are plentiful in proportion to the number of large trees. 
