8 WORKING PLAN, LANDS IN BERKELEY COUNTY, S. C. 
The dividing line between loblolly and longleaf pine land is not | 
well defined, since the two species occur more or less in mixture on 
both types. The swamp land, being a topographic type, has well- 
defined boundaries. The percentage of each type of land over the 
whole tract, as determined from the valuation surveys and map, is as 
follows: 
Per cent: 
Loblolly ‘pine, land’: oe oss Seek Ceci eee he alee ee ote ee 34 
Longleai pine land fe (ah Sle See es ee see ee es 8 ee 33 
Swamp: lanl, Fits SSR Oe ee ete rae yaar eee ae ee 3 
Total - 2. So so Se hiss epte Soke cha era ye eee eee ae 100 
LOBLOLLY PINE LAND. 
Loblolly pine land occupies the fresh and moist uplands, extending 
in places into the bottoms. It stands first among the types both in 
area and in commercial importance. 
The soil on this land is a light, sandy loam, with a considerable admix- 
ture of clay over occasional areas. Humus, except in wet places, is 
almost entirely wanting. This is because fires pass over the land so 
frequently that humus has no chance to form. The ground is covered 
with a growth of tall grass and broom sedge, which affords pasturage 
for a considerable number of cattle. 
The amount of underbrush varies greatly; over large areas there is 
practically none, while in places itis dense. It consists of such species 
as gall berry, red and white bay, wax myrtle, sprouts of gums and 
oaks, and raspberry bushes. Red and white bay form the typical 
underbrush on swamp land, while gall berry and wax myrtle are found 
mainly on the pine lands. As a rule, underbrush increases in direct 
proportion to the amount of moisture present. 
Loblolly pine occurs both in pure stands and in mixture with long- 
leaf pine and hardwoods. Over the bulk of the land, however, some 
longleaf is mixed with the loblolly, while hardwoods, in the form of 
an understory, are nearly always present. 
The stands in this forest type tend to be even aged. Where land 
formerly under cultivation has come up to loblolly pine, the trees are 
of uniform size and the range in age is small; but where land has 
always been under forest the trees vary greatly in age, approaching 
in this respect a selection forest. 
The understory of hardwoods which loblolly pine lands generally 
support may be dense or very open, according to moisture conditions. 
Where there is plenty of moisture in the soil, red gum, black gum, 
water oak, red maple, and occasionally yellow poplar, ash, beech, and 
hickory form the hardwood growth, while on the drier soils scrubby 
blackjack, black, Spanish, and post oaks occur. 
Reproduction of loblolly pine in this forest type is limited only by 
the occurrence of forest fires. Wherever fire has been kept out for 
‘a short period, reproduction is plentiful. For this reason it is best 
