134 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



[March 12, 1885. 



its capital stock is $5,000, di vid ed into shares of $5 each, five per cent, of 

 which is to be paid in cash prior to the first election of Directors, and 

 the remainder to be paid at such times and in such installments as may 

 he called for by the board of directors. The affairs of the corporation 

 are to be conducted by a board of directors, composed of nine of its 

 stockholders, who shall elect from their number a president, vice- 

 president, general manager, secretary and treasurer, any one or 

 move of which offices may beheld by the same person, excepting the 

 office of president and vice-president, and excepting also that neither 

 the president nor vice-president shall be secretary, The first election 

 Of directors is to take place March 4, 1885, the next election upon the 

 second Tuesday of January. 1880, and annually thereafter upon the 

 second Tuesday of January of each and every year during the exist- 

 ence of the corporation. Vacancies in the board of directors may be 

 filled by the remaining directors until the next regular election. " Di- 

 rectors shall hold office for one v ear, or until their successors are 

 elected and qualified. The treasurer shall give bond in the sum of 

 $5,000, and the directors may appoint other agents, not: stockholders, 

 and may require bonds of its officers and agents. The highest amount 

 of indebtedness or liability to which the corporation is at any time to 

 subject itself is not to exceed two-thirds of its capital stock, and the 

 private property of the stockholders is to be exempt from the cor- 

 porate debts." J. E. Bloom, Gen. Man. Nat. Gun Ass'n. 



RIFLE W.TNG-SHOOTING.-.Erfif<>}- Forest and Stream: In Forest 



best score on record at that time, with a rifle at glass balls out of a 

 Bogardus trap, Gyds. rise, tising a .44 Kennedy magazine rifle, and 

 broke 476 out, of 500; bis best run in this match was 107 straight. In 

 1879, at an exhibition shoot, at Green Castle, Pa., he broke 985 out of 

 1000. and ramie, a run of 273." For the sake of sporting literature and 

 suffering humanity, I would beg permission to ask did he. use a single 

 bullet? were the balls the ordinary size glass balls? and did the trap 

 throw like a Bogardus trap should throw— from the shooter? I have 

 read of hitting with a rifle needles and bumble bees in the air. I have 

 read of hitting a stone in the air with a repeating rifle, and loading 

 and breaking one of the fragments before it reached the ground. I 

 have read of letting go five quails at once, and with a repeating rifle 

 killing all of them, one by one, while on the wing— and I heard of a 

 man who said he knew a man that read of such rapid shooting with a 

 Winchester that the second bullet overtook and hit the first one, but 

 the news from Meadville. knocks all these accounts out in the first 

 round. There are a number of shots here who shoot the rifle at fly- 

 ing objects, and who have broken at twenty feet rise, twenty out of 

 twenty -five, twenty-eight out of thirty, etc., balls being thrown by 

 hand or by a trap, straight up in the air, and for their sakes I hope, 

 that some one who has seen this wonderful shooting from a Bogardus 

 trap will kit dly and charitably answer the above questions.— Wing 

 Shot. 



BROWN'S DRIVING CLUB.-Long Island, March 6.-Pigeon match 



between Messrs. Nichols, Trevor and Livingston. Mr. Nichols holds 

 the Kings and Queens county cups, the Riverside Club plate, and the 

 Sheldon and Laiurley cups, besides other nameless trophies won on 

 hard fought fields. The match of to-day concludes his performances 

 before the traps. His retirement will cause general regret anions the 

 lovers of the ( rap and trigger. Mr. Trevor, of London and New York, 

 i- a rapid, graceful and accurate shot, whose name is well up on the 

 prize lists of Ilerliugham. He has followed the big game in many 

 parts of the world. In the. Gordon-Niehols-Livuigston-Renwick match 

 of a year ago, Mr. Livingston shot next to Mr. Nichols, with a total of 

 87 birds out of 100. His score in to-day's shoot is the same as in the 



also tne 'iisr, and the vad tell out ol bounds, here killed to 84th, which 

 was the last bird that got away. Total killed, 93. Trevor, 20yds 

 missed 9th. 13th, 30th and 35th. here killed to <S8th. which he missed 

 also missed Ofith and 09th, killed to Slst. missed 89th and 91st. here 

 killed to finish. Total killed, 90, Livingston, 38yds., 2d bird missed 

 here killed to 9fh, missed yt.h and 10th, here killed to 23d, which fell 

 out of bounds, then killed to 34th. missed 34th and 38th, here killed to 

 51st, which was missed, then killed to 78th, which was missed, also 

 missed S2d, 88th, 94th, 97th and 100th. Total killed, 87. 



WASHINGTON HEIGHTS, March 7.— Regular monthly shoot of the 

 Bgton Heights Gun Club, there being a blinding snow the score 

 up to the standard: 



• ' K Ter .villeger 0010100000101010111110110—13 



Fountain OlllllllllOlOOlOUOliqiOl— 17 



Roe 1011101110010101110111101—17 



J U Terwdletrer 1111111111110111111111001—33 



Roraeline OOlOOOOOlOOllOOOlOOlOOlO]— 8 



• Ties for second— Fountain and Roe shot off at 5 balls each. Foun- 

 tain, Hiii-5: Roe, 11011—4. The finish of six shoots for medals, Mr. 

 J H Terwilleger making the highest average score winning first, Mr. 

 C. R, Terwilleger second. 



NEW ORLEANS.— Dr, Carver, writing under date of March 3 

 touching a recent offer of the Spencer Arms Company, says: "I 

 have accepted the proposition made me by the agent of the Spencer 

 Arms Company to shoot 1,000 bats in less than seventy-one minutes 

 aud 1.000 bats in less than one hour. Shooting 1,000 bats in less time 

 than one hour is an unheard-of feat, and I question my own ability 

 to succeed; but one thing is sure, the word fail has never been dis- 

 played on my banner, and let me assure the people of New Orleans 

 that if they wager their money ou the result of this contest of time 

 versus bats, which is a fearful question of skill and endurance, that I 

 will win if possible to do so. Those who wager their money must, 

 remember that the second and not the first thousand must be killed 

 in less than one hour, and should I kill the first thousand in fifty 

 minutes I would only win the $150 offered to kill 1,000 in less than 

 seventy -one minutes. Cut to make, this exhibition doubly interesting, 

 1 will will attempt to kill 2,000 bats in less time than 140 minutes from 

 the firing of the first shot. The best record of bat shooting is 1,000 

 killed last year in seventy-one minutes.'' The match excited no small 

 amount of interest, and wagers were freely made at 100 to 60 against 

 his performance of the severe task. The Doctor started in upon bis 

 work with his old time vigor, doing good work for a period and prov- 

 ing himself a Very remarkable marksman ; but the cartridges provided 

 were a bad lot and did not work well in the Spencer arm in use, and 

 after killing 890 bats in ninety minutes he was compelled to give up 

 the match. 



WELLINGTON, Mass., March 7.— The shotgun fraternity were out 

 in tull force to-day at the grounds of the Maiden Club, participating 

 in 11 events., with following results: 1. Five blackbirds— Snow and Le- 

 roy divided first. 2. Seven pigeons— White first. 3. Three pairs 

 blackbirds— Field first 4. Seven blackbirds— Schaefer, Sanborn and 

 Luring divided first. 5. Seven pigeons— Souther and Schaefer divided 

 first. 0. Three pairs blackbirds— Field and Warren divided first. 7. 

 Five pigeons straightaway— Charles, Manson and Field divided first. 

 8. Five pigeous -Charles first. 9. Miss and out, — Divided by Short and 

 .Schaefer. 10. Seven blackbirds— Leroy and Snow divided first. 11, 

 Merchandise match, 5 pigeons — Buff urn first. 



SOLOMON CITY, Kan., March 2.— The Solomon Gun Club had a 

 glass ball shoot Monday, March 2, and entertained one of our old 

 members, John Krum: 



John Krum 0100010011—4 Thos Robertson 0110111111—8 



H B Aldrich. 1111110101-8 T J Edworthy 110110111w-7 



Robertson and Aldrich shot 9 each and withdrew for want of am- 

 munition. — Sec. 



WORCESTER, Mass., March 2.— The Worcester Sportsman's Club 

 held its annual meeting this evening, and the following officers were 

 elected: L. G. While, President; William S. Perry and A. B. F. Kin- 

 ney. Vice-Presidents; William L. Davis, Secretary; O. L. Taft, Treas- 

 urer; Gilbert J. Rugg, M. D. Oilman, Charles A. Allen, Alba Hough- 

 ton. Executive Committee. The club have decided to have a two 

 day's tournament, April 2 and 3, open to all comers. 



THORA.LD, Toronto. Feb. 26.— A shooting match between Capt. 

 Hitter, of Welland, and George Rogers, of St. Catharines, for $100 a 

 side, at 100 glass balls each, came off here to-day, and was won by 

 Capt. Ritter, he having broken 87 balls and Rogers 77. 



T RAP AND FIELD SHOOTING.-Colliusville, Conn., Feb. 9,1885. 

 —Editor Forest and Stream: Your issue of Jan. 18 contained an 

 article by "S. H„" who says he thinks trap-shooting of no benefit to 

 the beginner after one season as a means of developing the skill for 

 shooting ir the brush. Why not? All trap shooters will admit, I 

 think, that a beginner can learn at the trap the proper way in which 

 the. gun should be brought to the shoulder, aud that by continued 

 practice at the ti-an he will leain to quickly sight a moving object, 

 whether it be a bird in or out of the bush. Why, then, should not 

 the beginner keep in practice at the trap. "S. H." says the brush is 

 in the way. I say never mind the brush. When a bird is flushed, 

 note the direction he is about to take as quick as possible, move your 

 gun in the direction he is going, and let him have it when passing an 

 opening. Let "S. H." imagine himself at the trap. The trap is 

 sprung, throwing a clay-pigeon at; his right quarter. Does it not pre- 

 sent a line mark whereby one can improve the opportunity offered, 

 to estimate the speed and make the necessary calculations that 

 would be required if shooting at a grouse or quail, or any other bird 

 under the same circumstance? A year ago this coming 

 March, a gun club was organized in this place. It has 

 now ten or more active members, several of whom went 



out last fall and stopped more than one wary grouse after only 

 six months' practice at the trap, this being their first attempt at 



at the trap but who misses the easiest of shots when shooting in the 

 field. There are, I think, many reasons for this. May it not be the 

 case that his friend is a little nervous when a bird is flushed in front 

 of him, and consequently shoots too quick, or if a quartering shot is 

 presented, perhaps he overestimates the distance and holds too far 

 , e %y , ? r 1S " not P° ssirj le that in his endeavors to watch the flight of 

 the bu-d he only sights across the muzzle of the gun. In other words, 

 let his friend take particular notice as to whether in his hurry he gets 

 his eye down on to the rib of the gun. On the other hand, if he has 

 none of these faults, I do not see why he should fail to put into prac- 

 tice in the field that which he has learned at the trap. In conclusion 

 let me say to "S. H.," that I am a beginner and also one of the above- 

 mentioned number, and that I have a four-footed friend that accom- 

 panied me on my tramps last fall, who is also a beginner, and that 

 for the sake of example to him I did not dare miss all of the easy 

 shots.— F. R. H. 3 



fachting. 



May 

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FIXTURES. 



25-N. J. Y. C. Match— Catamarans. 



30— South Boston Y. O, Regatta, City Point. 



30— Knickerbocker Y. C, Regatta. 



80— Newark Y. C-. Regatta. 



38— Dorchester Y. O, Club Race, Dorchester Bay. 



80— Fall River Y. O, Open Regatta. 



11— New York Y. O, Regatta. 



15— S. C. Y. C, Annual Regatta. 



17-Pentucket Y. C. 



17— Dorchester Y. O, Open Regatta. 



30-Hull Y. O, Pennant Matches. 



4-11— Pentucket Y. C, Annual Cruise. 



8— Beverly Y. O, Nahant, First Championship Regatta 

 11— Hidl Y. C, Cruise. 

 16— Cleveland Y. R. A., Annual Regatta. 

 17— Cleveland Y. R. A., Cruise to Ballast Island. 

 18-28— Camp at Ballast Island. 

 18— Hull Y. O, Club Race. 

 25-Hull Y. O, Ladies' Day. 

 25— Pentucket Y. O, Club Race. 

 25— Beverly Y.C. , Marblehead , Second Cham pionship Regatta, 



1-Hull Y.C., Club Race. 



5— Pentucket Y. C, Championship Race. 



8— Beverly Y. C, Marblehead, Open Regatta. 

 15-Hull Y. C, Open Race 

 25— Pentucket Y. C, Club Race. 

 29-Beveriy Y. O, Swampscott, Third Championship Regatta. 



5-HullY. C., Champion Race. 



9— Beverly Y. C, Nahant. Fall Regatta. 

 19— Hull Y. C, Champion Race. 

 19-Pentucket Y. C, Union Regatta. 

 28 -Pentucket Y. O, Championship Regatta. 



CLUB YACHTS FOR NON YACHT OWNERS. 



IN pursuance of their policy of encouraging Corinthian sailing the 

 Seawanbaka Corinthian Y. C. have now under consideration 

 a scheme for extending the benefits of the club to the non-yacht 

 owners, of which class there are a number. In nearly all yacht clubs 

 there are many who take a deep interest in the sport, and who are 

 valuable members, but who own no boats themselves. Their active 

 participation in the sport depends then on the hospitality of the 

 yacht owners, and usually when they sail it is as guests rather than 

 crew. It is frequently the case that this class, the non-owners, 

 contains some of the best blood of the club, as its members are 

 the younger and more enthusiastic yachtsmen, ready to work, 

 taking a deep interest in ail discussion, but without the wealth 

 of older members of the club. They are the recruits whence the 

 club, in future years, must draw its strength, and everything done 

 for their advantage is a direct benefit to it. 



We have before suggested in the Forest ano Stream the desirability 

 of having a yacht of suitable size provided by the club for the use of 

 the non members, and the trustees of the Seawanhaka C. Y. C. are 

 now deliberating on the application of the idea to their club. The 

 subject was introduced by them in their report at the last meeting 

 and was left by the club in their hands with power to act ou it. A 

 sloop yacht of 50ft. waterline has been placed at their disposal, and 

 it is proposed to keep her in commission with a man aboard, and to 

 allow her to be used by club members, tinder such conditions as may 

 be found necessary. It is probable that the details will soon be 

 arranged and the yacht in commission by the opening of the season. 



It is within the power of nearly all clubs to furnish a boat for the 

 same purpose; even in the smaller clubs where, less money is 

 available, a small yacht of the type most popular with each, could 

 be provided, and placed in the hands of one or more regularlj 

 organized amateur crews. No boatkeeper would be necessary, but a 

 crew should be selected, consisting of captain, mate, and as many 

 hands as can be conveniently accommodated, who shall have the 

 entire care of the yacht. The discipline of such a crew, as far as 

 obeying orders is concerned, must be the same as with a paid crew, 

 the captain having entire control assisted by the mate. The boat, 

 once furnished by the club, she must be kept in order by her crew. 

 Hauling out, scrubbing, painting, overhauling gear, and other 

 accomplishments that stand high on the Corinthian list, will be done 

 by them, and the boat should be a model for the members' yachts. 

 For racing the crew would be trained as carefully as amateur ctews 

 of oarsmen; in fact the details of management would be similar to 

 those governing the use of club boats in rowing clubs, where the 

 authority is usually vested in a captain, who is to a certain extent 

 responsible for the care of the boat. The expenses of maintaining 

 such a boat would be but small when once in commission, as the 

 work would be done by her crew or crews, from the fitting out in 

 spring to the final stowing away of sails in winter. If more than 

 one crew could be recruited, a second or even third could be formed 

 to use the boat in turn, each assuming a portion of the labor of 

 maintenance. The positions of captain and mate might be held in 

 turn by the members, a captain being chosen every month, if 

 desirable, in a small boat, but if any racing is done, or the yacht is 

 large enough for cruising and more than an open sailboat, it would 

 be better to elect a captain for the season. 



When the club can afford it the club yacht should be a cabin boat, 

 large enough to accommodate a captain, mate and crew of four or 

 five, besides a boatkeeper. The latter, whom the club should 

 ' employ, should be an old sailor, versed in all the mysteries of 

 knotting, splicing, rigging, sailmaking, and practical sailing, He 

 would live on board, and to him would be intrusted the general care 

 of the yacht. Such work as w T as needed would be done by the crew 

 under "his supervision.- Many would be glad to learu how to splice 

 wire rope, strap a block, reeve off new halliards, set up rigging, bend 

 sails, rig a jury mast, or to set and take in spinaker or topsail, under 

 a careful instructor. The drilling that falls to the lot of most 

 amateur crews preparing for a race amounts to simply nothing, and 

 the only wonder is they do so well. Here there would be time to 

 practice delibei ately, instead of leaving all to a sail or two before the 

 race, and the two or three crews that would in turn drill on the club 

 yacht, would turn out twenty or thirty fairly expert hands to be 

 distributed among the fleet at each cruise or regatta, instead of a 

 number of willing but untrained "bag-tossers." 



The conditions under which the yacht could be used must be laid 

 down by the club. The boatkeeper should keep aU in order and 

 ready for use at any reasonable time, and the times when each crew 

 could use her would have to be definitely settled. The captain in 

 charge should have both a full command over his crew and the 

 responsibility for the care of the boat. When used for short sails it 

 might be necessary to provide for some way of getting back pioniptly 

 in order not to disappoint other crews. Each week in turn, one 

 crew would take the yacht for a short cruise, starting Saturday 

 afternoon, and returning in time for business on Monday. On race 

 days, if not entered, the club sloop, manned by one crew, would save 

 the expense of an extra stakeboat, while the other crews would be 

 distributed among the competing yachts. If entered, the crew in 

 charge would be supplemented by extra men from the other crews, 

 making up her racing complement. Such a boat should be a model, 

 in condition, for the entire fleet. Whoever used her should strive to 

 make and keep her as neat and shipshape as possible, bright brass 

 and copper, clean paint, bright spars, white sails, rigging all taut, 

 the pride of every member of her crews, aud with many hands the 

 labor would be light. 



In organizing a crew those who propose to join should select one 

 of themselves as captain, agreeing to obey him in all matters. The 

 captain should of course be a sailor, capable of handling the yacht 

 under all circumstances, earnest and enthusiastic in yachting 

 matters, and able to enforce the necessary discipline, Unlike other 

 crews, each member of this one, except the boatkeeper, would have 

 a voice in the command as far as choosing the direction of a cruise 

 or a day's sail, which would be done as all club business is arranged, 

 by a meeting; but such points once decided on, the captain's authority 

 would be absolute. He should select a mate to assist htm, and also a 



steward, and should allot to each of the others some specific duty 

 about the yacht. While the handling of the boat would rest with (he 

 captain, he could give up his place at the wheel to any competent 

 member of the crew, or could vacate his command for a time in 

 order to give each a chance at all the various duties. The mate of 

 course would assist the captain and relieve him as in a regular crew 



A most important office, if any cruising is to be done, is the 

 steward, To him would be intrusted the entire charge of the 

 commissary department. On receiving notice from the captain to 

 provision for a cruise, the probable duration and number of hands 

 being given he would lay in ice. meat, potatoes, bread, groceries, 

 canned goods in sufficient quantity; he should be able to cook a 

 fairly good meal, with an assistant detailed to help him, and he 

 should he responsible to the captain for order and cleanliness in the 

 galley, one or two ot the crew assisting to wash dishes and clean up. 

 Among a. party of boating men who spend Saturday and Sunday 

 together the following scheme has been found to work well. When 

 the party assemble on Saturday evening a schedule is made, out by 

 the skipper, giving the bill of fare for supper, breakfast and dinner, 

 and allotting the worir. for each meal. Two or three are sent out to 

 forage, and when all are present they are told off in pahs, two for 

 fire and water, two to set and clear the table, two to cook, two to 

 wash dishes, and two to sweep out afterward. The labor uf each one 

 is light, all is done quickly and without confusion, and each has an 

 equal share. One of the more experienced is detailed as cook a 

 novice assisting him, so it is, in a way, a training school. One nf hue 

 party keeps an account, of all expenditures, and before separating 

 the expense, which is always very small, is divided equally among 

 the members present. This plan, with some modifications to adapt 

 it to the work on a yacht, would work well in a crew such as we are 

 speaking of. Another similar plan, in a canoe club, makes the 

 poorest sailor in the Saturday races cook for the time, the larder 

 being replenished by fines, in the form of eatables, for bad seaman- 

 ship. Catering and cooking arc very important factors in Corinthian 

 yachting, and a little practice in this way is often of immense 

 service. 



A part of the outfit of such a club yacht should consist of a good 

 horary ot yachting works, with a suitable collection of charts, and 

 there would be no difficulty, when nen were once interested, in 

 securing these by contributions on the part of the crews. Of course 

 the lead line, log and instruments would be found aboard, fcp be used 

 by the crew under the instructions of the boatkeeper or captain 

 With an energetic and capable captain there need never be any lack 

 of variety when on board. The ordinary routine work possesses a 

 charm for the true Coriuthian who is not afraid of a little tar ou his 

 Rands, and in this case the labor, being divided among a number, 

 would be light. When under way the crew should take the same 

 pride in handling the boat properly and especially m setting the 

 racing kites, that a militia man does in his drill, and with as good 

 results. The sail every week would give an excelleut opportunity 

 for such a careful and systematic drill over topsails, jibtop rails and 

 sproakers as amateurs seldom get. A boat of 40ft. waterline, if kept 

 iu proper condition and under a capable, boatkeeper, should prove of 

 infinite benefit to the club in one season as a training school for 

 members, while further it would bring many sailors into the club, 

 men who are not yacht owners and do not care to join a club on the 

 chances of an occasional invitation to sail, but who would gladly 

 avail themselves of such a chance for a season's yachting at a 

 nominal expense. Many yacht clubs have laid aside sums f jr 

 improvement when needed, and this is a way in which money mav 

 be expended that will bring a direct return to the treasury, 



The uses of the club yacht need not stop in winter. "Laid up by 

 some accessible dock in the city, a superannuated old tar in charge, 

 a littlo stove in a snug cabin with flags and photos on the bulkheads, 

 wide lockers to lounge on, a few camp chairs, and books and papers 

 on the table, what cosier place could be found for a meeting, or to 

 lounge away an hour talking over old cruises aud races, planning 

 new, while one or two evenings each week could be devoted to a de- 

 bate of some interesting point in sailing, or to similar pursuits. The 

 plan is now in good hands and under the active management of, the 

 S. C. Y. C. will, no doubt, have a fair trial, and yachtsmen will all be 

 interested in its success. Without, walling for a season, however, we 

 hope that some of the other clubs will try the same measure with 

 such success as will secure its adoption as a permanent feature. 



A MEW CRAFT ON THE SOUND. 



Editor Forest and. Stream: 



About eighteen months ago I addressed a communication to your 

 journal asking for information in regard to the best type of small 

 sailing boat, adapted to the use of a roan who desires occasionally to 

 venture across Long Island Sound with his wife. I referre l to the 

 risk attending a trip ot this kind in a small catboat, and inquired 

 whether this type of boat might not be modified in character, so as to 

 render it not only uncapsizuole and unsiukable, hut; also capable of 

 reaching its destination in a rough sea, This communication, which 

 was published soon afterw ard in thecolumns of your journal, brought 

 out several replies, all of which agreed in this, that a small deep keel 

 boat is safer than oue of equal length which draws only a few inches 

 of water, but is perhaps of much greater beam. In regard to t lie 

 question of sail plan, the testimony furnished was not so conclusive, 

 and I was unable to decide in my own mind at that time whether it 

 would be better to have the contemplated small boat rigged as a cat- 

 boat, or as either a sloop or a cutter. I finally decided to adopt the 

 jib and mainsail rig, and have recently given the order for the de- 

 signing and construction of this substitute for a small catboat to 

 Thomas Webber of New Rochelle, in whose shop this little ship, 

 already in frame, may be seen by anybody who is interested iu such 

 matters. The measurements, as nearly as I can state from memory, 

 are as follows: 



Length over all. 18ft, 



Length on waterline 14ft 



Greatest beam 47in. 



Greatest draft 44in. 



Least freeboard 13in. 



From deck at bow to waterline 27in. 



Length of cockpit 0ft. 



Breadth of cockpit 32in. 



Depth ffrom floor to top of coaming) 86in 



Weight of iron shoe - 10181bs. 



Confined air space, chiefly in zinc or galvanized 



iron tanks, about. 18 cu, ft. 



The question will naturally suggest itself, in what respects shall I 

 be the loser by giving this narrow 18ft. keel boat Che preference over 

 an 18ft. catboat? In the first place the latter will easily aecom.no 

 date six or eight passengers, while the formes win carry comfortably 

 not more than three adults. I believe, however, that these three may 

 be much more comfortably seated in the deep well ot the keel boat 

 than in the more roomy but very shallow cockpit of the centerboard 

 craft. In the second place, the deep draft, of the keel boat will gener- 

 ally compel me to come to anchor in comparatively deep water aud 

 go ashore in a rowing boat, while in the catboat I might readily land 

 at almost any spot along the shore, if the sea were sufficiently quiet. 

 Finally, the. difference in cost will be in the proportion of nearly two 

 to one in favor of the catboat. 



The first disadvantage, the lack of room, is a material one and not 

 to be underrated. The second is of much less importance, as I expect. 

 to carry with me, stowed away under tho deck, a 10ft. Osboru or 

 Stranahau sectional canvas boat, by means of which I can reach land 

 in even very shallow water. In regard to the increased cost, 1 can 

 only say that the difference is well worth paying, if a decided gain in 

 safety is thereby acquired, and unless I have studied the teachings 

 of Forest ano Stream during the past three years in vain, the ques- 

 tion of gain in safety is indisputable. Paterfamilias, 

 New York, March 7, 1£85. 



A SWINGING CENTERBOARD. 



Editor Forest and Stream: 



As the season is opening for yachting, I would wish to call your 

 attention to the advantage to be gained by fitting swinging keels to 

 small yachts instead of the centerboard. In the first place the latter 

 inclines with the vessel, and therefore does not take that hold in the 

 water that the swinging keel would. The mode of fitting it 1 will en- 

 deavor to explain. We will suppose that the vessel will draw no more 

 aft than forward, but the swinging keel would supply ihe loss of heel 

 by being made deep at the after end. I would propose to fit. a shoe. 

 oh the main keel, hollowed in the middle and chamfered ou the two 

 outer edges, so as to allow the swinging keel to be triced up, for run- 

 ning into shoal water. The connection between the two keels would 

 be made by what is known as the -'rule joint," and secured to the 

 main keel by straps confining it to the groove. One of tho advan- 

 tages to be gained by this keel arises from the fact that when the 

 vessel heels over, the keel can be braced to any required angle by the 

 guys which would be connected with the lower edge of it, while the 

 other ends, after passing through suitable chocks, would be secured 

 to cleats on the covering board— there should oe tivo on each side, of 

 wire rope. It is proposed to allow the gripe to extend about two or 

 more feet abaft its usual place, to cover the fore end of the joint. 

 The swinging keel would there begin and gradually increase in depth 

 to sud the requirement, This keel would have to be loaded at the 

 lower edge, a .d would tequire stiffening with suitable round iron 

 bolts at every two feet, according to circumstances. Nhe upper edge 

 has a piece of thick stuff wrought on each side to form the ''bar- 

 rel,'' and is bolted well through and through. 



It may be. as well to remark that to make vessels weatherly we must 



