113 



10. Vc'ttiroDicdiul iiwelini^ of iiicixi/h/c 

 at bony hcak oj upper jaw 



111 most baiagiirici goncra, ilic ol ilic 

 hoiiy beak of llic uii|X'i Jaw was liHincil 

 by I lie prciiiaxilla, soiiiciiiiics wiili \ci \ 

 weak pai I icipatimi ol llic iiia\illa. In 

 Geocinvdi/, llic liglii aiul Icll maxillae 

 wci c l ii iiiK coiiiicetcd \ ciil mmcdialh 

 with each Dllici, loiiiiiiiL' llic beak. We 

 codeil ihis eliaiaelei as: (0) aliseiii oi 

 somei lines picseni Imii \ei\ weak; (I) 

 |ii escni . 



//. Serration of upper lahial UHirii'ui of 

 DUixilla 



Batu^ur, Culh/i^ur, IhirdclUi. Kuchii^a, 

 Morenia, aiul Ocuclui ol' iho bataguriiics 

 had iiuHleiaie \o strong scrralion al the 

 upper labial margin of the maxilla, 

 whereas the oilier balagnrines aiul most 

 geciemyJmes did luu have such seiiaiion. 

 A' /;///(;(■/('////// rs speeies exeepi \o\ R. 

 iiihulu had ihe seiiaiion weaker ilian m 

 the alnne meniione(.l bal aL' iii ines. We 

 coded ihis chaiaclei as: (0) absent; ll) 

 jM escnl . 



12. Size L//i(/ \lhipe of foriUfien /hih/n 

 num posienus 



riie lorameii palaiinnm jiosieiius was 

 small and loiind m ( 'f^loclcniiuvs, (ieo- 

 cniyda, and Pyxtdca, as well as in the 

 batagurines. On the other hand, the loia 

 men w.is lari-e, and elli|itic oi o\.d, aboni 

 two times longer than wide, in ilie other 

 gcoeniytiines. We coiled this character as: 

 (0) large, and elliptic or oval; l 1 l ^m.lll .iiid 

 I omul. 



/■I. \ nieroiiiedhd poriion of upper iril- 

 urami\i surfuec 



In Orliiiii and Sichenrockiella. and most 

 geoem\dmes, the ,mteromcdial poition of 

 the iipjier iiitnrating surface was narrower 

 than the jmsicrior porlimi, ami the pi>sier- 

 o\enti.d poition of the pieinaxilla was 

 excluded from the surface. In Cisiodcm- 

 niys, Cn'(H-fiiydii. Pyxidca, Rhi/ioclfinmys 



iuiniilala, and A', rtihida, the anleromcdial 

 poriion ol the upper liiluratiiig surface was 

 expanded mediall> and broader than the 

 pcsterior portion, and the posterovcntral 

 portion of the premaxillae participated in 

 ihe triturating surface. This character state 

 was usnall\ observed in the batagurines 

 exceiM loi Orlida and Siehcnrockiella. The 

 posterior tiiiniaiing surface was very 

 naniiw in (.'isi()cleniniv\ , (ieoemyda, 

 P\xi(h'u, A', iiiniuhihi and A', ruhirla. 

 whereas ii was broad in balagui ines. We 

 ccKleil this character as: (0) narrower than 

 l')osterit)r portion; (I) relati\ely narrow but 

 expanding medially; (2) broad and expand- 

 ing medialK . 



14. C'oniaei he! ween iiiaxdlu and vomer 

 A firm connect icMi between the ma.xilla 

 and vomer usually existed in most batagurid 

 species. On the other hand, the contact 

 was abseiu in C'uora. Rhinoclemmys 

 iiieo/uui. A', lunerea. R. pitlcherrinui , and 

 A'. f>iuu!uli/Hi/. and ii was very weak or 

 sonieiimes abscni m Cistocletmnys fla- 

 vt>nuir'j.uuUii . Muuremys, and Rhinocletn- 

 invs iinnuhud. W e coded this character as: 

 (0) iMcseni; ll) \ery weak, sometimes 

 abscni ; I 2 ) abseni . 



1^. Po'^uio/i of foramen praepaladnunt 

 In (isioclenunys flavotnariiinaia, 

 ( ycU'tnys, Heoscniys, .\otochclys, Pyx- 

 idca, and Sacalia, as well as in all batagur- 

 ines, the foramen praepalatinuiii was 

 located between the premaxilla and the 

 \omei In conirasi, the foramen opened 

 within the premaxilla in Cunra, Gcot'inyda 

 jiipontea, G. spenvilcn, Muuremys annum- 

 ensis, M. muiica. and Rhinoclemmys 

 except for R. annulala. In I he other geo- 

 emydines. the foramen was usually Uxalcd 

 near the suture between the premaxilla and 

 \omcr. or some^imc^ within the premaxilla. 

 We coded ilus character as: (0) between 

 premaxilla and vomer; (I) sometime* 

 within premaxilla; (2) within premaxilla. 



