118 



Current Herpetol. 20(2) 2001 



Or/rf/a borneensis 

 Siebenrockiella crassicollis 

 Sacalia spp. 



Mauremys leprosa species group 

 Mauremys japonica 

 Mauremys mutica 

 Mauremys annamensis 

 Notochelys platynota 

 Cyclemys spp. 

 Heosemys spinosa 

 Heosemys grandis 

 Melanochelys trijuga 

 Rhinoclemmys areolata 

 Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima 

 Rhinoclemmys funerea 

 Rhinoclemmys punctulaha 

 Cuora amboinensis 

 Cuora zhoui 



Cuora trifasciata species group 

 Cuora mccordi 

 Rhinoclemmys annulata 

 Rhinoclemmys rubida 

 Pxyidea mouhotii 

 Cistoclemmys galbinifrons 

 Cistoclemmys tlavomarginata 

 Geoemyda silvatica 

 Geoemyda spengleh 

 Geoemyda japonica 



Fig. 3. Strict consensus cladogram of the subfamily Geoemydinae and its relatives. 



previous empirical study dealing with a 

 comparable number of OTUs (0.451 for 

 28 taxa: Sanderson and Donoghue, 1989), 

 was much greater than that expected for 

 random data (0.131 for 28 taxa; Klassen et 

 al., 1991). Thus, we consider the mono- 

 phyletic groups indicated in our results 

 significantly realistic. 



At the root of the Geoemydinae (Stem 

 A), characters 1-27 and 31-35 were in the 

 "0" state, whereas the characters 28-30 

 were "1". We regarded these character 

 states as ancestral within the Geoemydinae. 

 Putative changes of character states in each 

 major stem are given in Table 3. 



Supposing that all character states in the 

 outgroup represent primitive conditions, 

 the monophyly of Geoemydinae (Stem A) 

 was supported by three character states: 

 character 1 (state 0), presence of frontal 

 exposure on orbital rim; 12 (0), large 

 foramen palatinum posterius with eUiptic 

 or oval shape; and 28 (2), axillary plastral 

 buttress connected around the portion 

 between peripherals and costals. 



One synapomorphic character state, 31 

 (1) (smooth skin of posterior head), sup- 

 ported the Mauremys-Sacalia clade (Stem 

 B), which we henceforth call the Mauremys 

 group. 



