KURAMOTO & JOSHY— CALLS OF INDIAN FROGS 



93 



In I he genus PhiUiiiiiis , ihc call sliucUirc 

 ol Diily three species, I', paiviiliis 

 Thailaiul, I', aiunindalu lioin Nepal aiul /•■. 

 k'Nco/liiinis Irom Sii 1 aiika, has been 

 repDi tetl (lieyei , 1 ; Dulniis, 

 Arak, 1983). 1 lie call ol /'. iHir\ulii\ is 

 simple, consisting o\ a series ol se\eral 

 shoil pulses. Probahlv, ihe call siiiicluies 

 ol /'. cl. Iu)inlhivcii\i\ aiui /*. ihnviilii\ aie 

 piiniiii\e III liic Liemis, Iroiii which more 

 coiiiplex call siiucliiies nun ix' lIciixccI. 



10. I\ liacopiniriis malahai iciis 



1 he ai.l\ ei I isciiieiu calls ol A', nuilulniricus 

 were recorded iii Madikeii on 2^^ June 1999 

 al an air leinpei al iii e ol 23 C. ihe l^asic 

 call was ciMiiposed of several pulses 

 repeaieel ielaii\el\ slowl\ and with low 

 doniinani liequencics (Fig. 10). Ihe call 

 diiiaiion was (l.^)| ().37 sec (N 1.^) and ihe 

 doniiiiani hand was ai 1 .b^Mi. 1 4 k 1 1/. I he 

 number ol pulses varied Irom live lo 14, 

 ".9 on aveiat'c, and were lepealed al mean 

 iiileivals ol (1.14 sec. \er\ olien ihis call 

 was accompanied by a short noie wiih a 

 t'asi inilse rei">etilion rate (mean inier\al 

 0.0^ sec) and less energy (Tig. 10). I his 

 accomixiiiying note was also observed in 

 ihc lajxHiese green tree rr(\e R. cirhorciis 

 (kiiianioto, 197s). 



In ihe complex ad\ ei i iscmeni calls ol this 

 species, a lew pulse groups lollowed ihe 

 basie eall (l-'ig. 11). The hasie pan (slow 

 phase) was longer ihan ilie basic call 



(1.65±0.23 sec, N=8) due to the increase of 

 pulses (13.6±1.8), and pulse intervals 

 became longer toward the end of the phase 

 (l ig. 11). The number of accompanying 

 last pulse groups (last phase) varied from 

 one to four in our recordings. The mean 

 duraiion of the fast notes was 0.36 sec, the 

 mean number of pulses involved in a note 

 was 16.0, and pulses were repeated at a 

 mean iniei\al of 0.024 sec, about 6 times 

 faster than the slow phase. Obviously the 

 spectral composition of the fast phase dif- 

 fered significantly from that of the slow 

 phase; the energy was concentrated 

 between 1 and 3 kHz without showing 

 clear dominant bands. The note in the fast 

 phase is apparently related to the accompa- 



- 8-| 



X 



- 6- 



>- 



o 



S i- 



15 

 O 



llJ o . 



u. 



0-1 1 1 ' 



0.5 1.0 



TIME ISECI 



Fic;. 10. An advert iscmcnl call of Rfuuupho- 

 riis mulahuricus recorded in Niadikeri al 23 C. 

 This call consists of five pulses and accompanies 

 a note wiih last-repeating seven pulses. 



Mil. II. 



-4}t 



It 



rH 





H 





















1 1 1 " 







- 8-1 



X 



u 



3 

 O 



Ui o 



I r 



TIME 15 t 



.'\ complex nUvcriiscincnl call of Rhacophonis malahancm recorded in Madikai Ml' » 



