KURAMOTO & JOSHY— CALLS OF INDIAN FROGS 



7B), ami its posterior poriicMi is 

 segregated lo loiin distincl jnilsc groups 

 with regulai inicr\als (l isj. 7C"). There 

 were several calls ciiiiiposcci o\]\\ of ihesc 

 segregated pulse groups. In ihe segre- 

 gated pulse groups the doniiiiaiii Ircciuency 

 was lower (alnuil 2.1 kli/) lhaii in the 

 basic iuilc. I lie I w o call l\pcs ot J', 

 h'lii iir/iiHiis icpoilcd h\ i'alil et al. (l^yCi) 

 a|iparenllv coiicspoiul lo ilic tiisi and 

 lasi call i\pcs in liic [ncscnl s|ud\. Iciii- 

 loiial and cnconnlci calls o\ I'. Icucoiiii- 

 utis icpoiietl hy .Aiak (l^^S.'^) correspond 

 lo I he segregated imlse groups in the 

 present study. 



Whcihei llie dilTcicnl call l\|"ies are eniil- 

 Icd ni dilleicin suualions, oi wliciliei the 

 ditleicni call l\pcs pl;i\ diltcicni ecological 

 roles is unkiunvn. \iak (19S.i) analyzed 

 vocal inieiaclion between males in P. 

 Icticoi'himis 1 1 o\\\ Sri 1 anka. 



In I'cneral, cidK ot Indian i liacoplioi id 

 Irogs lia\e complex siiiicluies iinobiiiL' 

 basicalls two phases, lasi and sUn\ . 

 .Mtlion^di ad\ CI I iscmeni call siiuclmes ol 

 seveial iliacophoiid species ol easi \sia 

 aie available loi comiiai isoii (llcyei. 

 \'r\- M.iisui ei al.; 19S6; 1 ue el al., 

 |99s)_ lilhicoplionts owsloiii, R. 



niohmliii . .md A', prasirnilm were 

 leiHuled lo have complex calls uiili lasi 



and slow phases (Kuramoio, 1975, 1986; 

 Chou, 1992). 



8. Philautu.s cf. travancoricus 



This species (Fig. 3B) tits the original 

 description of Philciiiliis travancoricus (as 

 Ixalus iruvuncoriciis) by Boulenger (189!) 

 except that our specimens lacked "larger 

 black dots scattered on the back and on 

 I he tibia". Three male specimens we 

 collected were 24.1, 25.0 and 27.4 mm in 

 SVL. Calls were recorded in Madikeri on 

 29 .lune 1999 (22-23°C) and 10 .luly 1999 

 (21°C), and in Kudremukli on 3 .luly 1999 

 (21°C). 



Ihe advertisement calls were relatively 

 k)ng witii an initial short note composed 

 of several pulses and many slowly repeat- 

 ing pulses (Fig. 8). The two parts arc des- 

 ignated here as fast phase and slow phase, 

 respectively. The call duration was vari- 

 able because the number of pulses in the 

 slow phase varied cMcnsively (Table 3). 

 I he dominant frequency did not differ 

 between the two phases and there were 

 line harmonic structures around the domi- 

 nant band (Fig. S). The males were call- 

 ing from branches or leaves in the forest; 

 (he j-ierching site seemed somewhat higher 

 than in P. letuorhiniis, because we found 

 mosi males ot cf. iruvuncoriciis above 



I >' l M |lll.|l-i| I I f 



2 



+ 



I 



TIME IS E CI 



I Hi. S. Advert iscmciu call.s of Philatittis cf. iravancoriiiis recorded in Kiidrennikh al ." ' 

 (spcetral p;»licrn) aiul in Mndikeri nl 23"C (wave form). Time scale in «avc form i» doubled lo wu>rt 

 the whole call siiiictiire. 



