come only in the winter. Our birds may thus he arranged, 

 according to the season when they are present, in several more or 

 less well defined groups, for which the following names seem most 

 applicable. 



/. Permanent Residents. — This class includes species which 

 are with us throughout the year. It does not follow that 

 the same individuals pass the entire year here. Comparatively 

 few of the species in this group are permanent residents in the 

 strict sense of the term. The Bob-white, Ruffed Grouse, and 

 several of the Owls are doubtless literally permanent residents, 

 that is, the same individuals pass their lives in one restricted 

 locality. But it is not probable that the Bluebirds, for example, 

 found here during the winter are the same birds which nested 

 with us in the summer. Doubtless our winter Bluebirds passed 

 the summer farther north, while our summer Bluebirds winter 

 farther south. Still as a species the Bluebir'd is a permanent 

 resident. 



LIST OF PERMANENT RESIDENTS. 



Bob-white. Blue Jay. 



Ruffed grouse. American Crow. 



Marsh Hawk. Fish Crow. 



Sharp-shinned Hawk. Starling. 



Cooper's Hawk. Meadowlark. 



Red-tailed Hawk. House Sparrow. 



Red-shouldered Hawk. Purple Finch. 



Broad-winged Hawk. American Goldfinch. 



Bald Eagle. European Goldfinch. 



Duck Hawk. Song Sparrow. 



Sparrow Hawk. Swamp Sparrow. 



Long-eared Owl. Cardinal. 



Barred Owl. Cedar Waxwing 



Screech Owl. Carolina Wren. 



Great Horned Owl. White-breasted Nuthatch. 



Hairy Woodpecker. Tufted Titmouse. 



Downy Woodpecker. Chickadee. 



Flicker. Robin. 



Prairie Horned Lark. Bluebird. 



//. Summer Residents. — Summer residents, as the name 

 implies, are birds found here during the summer. They may, 

 however, arrive early in March and remain until December, as do 

 the Blackbirds and Woodcock, or they may not come until May 

 and leave us in August. Summer residents then, are birds which 

 come to us at varying times in the spring and after nesting here, 

 return to their more southern winter resorts in the fall. 



