THE noh'si-: r.v/;/;// noMh'sricATiox 41 



Tlic intiiiiMtc ichilioiis wliicli \\n\v thus existed hetwceii the hoi'sc 

 and man ha\'e iiifhieiieed hoth, and it is ^enei'ally acknowledged hy 

 students of inaid^ind that tlie suhjuj^at ion of the liorse and liis adoj)tion, 

 l)oth as a means of t fanspoitat ion and as an aid in a^iicuhufe, have heeii 

 factofs of tlie ,iii"(>atest iini)oi'tan('e in tlie hiter de\-elo|)!nent of t he human 

 ia('(\ 



COMPARISON OF THE SKELETON OF HORSE AND MAN 



WHILK eonsiderin<>; thene two skeletons (Frontispiece), it will be 

 worth while to look for a moment into their structure. They 

 a re so placed as to facilitate comparison. The one representing 

 a typical or average type of horse, the other a man of about six feet in 

 height and proportionately heavy. The limbs of the horse, moving only 

 forward and backward, have much less freedom of motion than have 

 those of man. Note the ball-and-socket joint of man at the shoulder and 

 hip, the rotary motion of the forearm and the flexibility at the wiist and 

 ankle, and compare with the restricted movement at the shoulder of the 

 horse, the hingelike joint at the elbow, and the limited movement at the 

 w'rist (knee) and ankle (hock). The most pronounced differences how- 

 ever, are found in the head and feet. Compare the skull of man, which 

 has an enormously developed brain and reduced facial portion, with 

 that of the horse which has a comparatively small brain, the face, mouth, 

 and teeth monopolizing almost the w^hole skull. The feet, instead of 

 having five toes as in man, are reduced to a single digit ^ and they are 

 very much elongated as a speed specialization. And yet a careful stud}' 

 will reveal a most striking similarity between the two subjects in general 

 structure, the difTerences being simply modifications of a common plan. 



THE DRAFT HORSE 



THE Norseman's horse of Europe seems to have been an animal 

 wdth large head, convex forehead and rough coat, of rather 

 clumsy appearance, and of little speed. It may have been a near 

 relative of the Przewalsky horse which still lives as a wild species in 

 northwestern Mongolia, the only true wild horse know^n at the present 

 time. Among other evidences of this prehistoric type, are the many 

 sketches found in the south of France and elsewhere, made by the verj^ 

 primitive cave-dwellers, which seem clearly to depict this type of horse, 

 and it is no doubt this strain which predominates in our heavy draft 

 horse of to-day although of course this horse has been greatly increased 

 in size and strength b}- long and careful breeding. 



iSee page 22. 



