Pueblo 

 Indians 



32 PUEBLO INDIANS 



WEST WING 

 Indians of the Southwest 



On the left are collections from the sedentary Indians who occupy 

 the pueblos of the Rio Grande and of Hopi, Acoma and 

 Zuni; and also the objects recovered from the prehistoric 

 pueblos, caves, and cliff-dwellings. On the right are the 

 nomadic Indians — the eastern and western Apache, the Navajo, the Pima, 

 the Papago, and several tribes of northern ^Mexico. In the south annex 

 will be found baskets from the Indians of California. 



The sedentary Indians live in large community houses often with 

 several receding stories, built of stone or adobe. They depend chiefly upon 

 agriculture for their food, make a great variety of pottery, and have many 

 elaborate religious ceremonies. The nomadic peoples live in tipis or small 

 brush and thatched houses which are moved or deserted when they are 

 forced to seek the wild game and wild vegetable products which furnish 

 much of their food. They make baskets for household purposes which are 

 more easily transported than vessels of clay. There are models in the hall 

 of the pueblos of Taos and Acoma, of prehistoric cliff-dwellings and of the 

 houses used by the Navajo and Apache. In the first alcove on the left is 

 shown the pottery of the \allages along the Rio Grande, the principal art of 

 the region, skin clothing, household utensils and ceremonial objects. 



The upright cases of the next alcove are filled with wonderful prehistoric 

 pottery. That in the w^all case is from Pueblo Bonito. Similar gray and 

 white ware with very elaborate and splendidly executed designs in an 

 adjoining case are from Rio Tularosa, one of the upper tributaries of the 

 Gila, where a vanished agricultural people once lived in pueblos and cliff- 

 dwellings. A third case has pottery from the Casas Grandes of Chihuahua, 

 Mexico, w^hich represents the southern limit of the southwestern ancient 

 culture. In the table case and in a case standing in the aisle are shown the 

 w^onderful art work in turquois, shell, stone and wood of the former inhabi- 

 tants of Chaco Cafion. These objects, as well as the pottery from Pueblo 

 Bonito mentioned above, were secured by the Hyde Expedition. 



In the next alcove, devoted to the Hopi, are the costumes, masks, 

 images, and placques used in their ceremonies. Besides the well-known 

 snake dance, the various Hopi villages have many interesting ceremonies, 

 many of which are concerned with the rainfall and their crops. 



The inhabitants of Zuni are believed to be the descendants of the first 

 people seen by the Spanish in 1540. Their former villages, many of which 

 are now in ruins, were probably the "Seven Cities of Cibola," for which 

 Coronado was searching at that time. Although they had missionaries 



