IXSKCrS AM) DISEASE 83 



AnotluM- scries of ('.\lul)its deals witli tlic tninsinission of disease hy in- 

 sects, notal)ly hy the Hy and flea. The most strikiiij,^ feature 

 Insects ^^|. ^j^^,^^, j^ .^ model of the fly, a little over a foot in len^Mh, and 



Disease ha\ in*; tlu^ hulk of ()4,()()() flies. This, the finest model of the 



kind ever made, was prepared hy l^Miaz Matauseh from his 

 original studies, and recjuired nearly a year of constant, exact in^^ lal)()r. 



The e^i'i;, larxa and j)ui)a of the insect are also shown modeled on the 

 same scale. 



^lodels in the wall case deal with the life history of the fly showing its 

 various stages in their natural size and actual hahitat and illustrate the large 

 numhers of flies which may hreed in a single i)()und of maniu'c and the 

 enormous progeny which may spring from a single pair and their descendants 

 during the breeding season. 



The deadly work of the fly in carrying typhoid fever is illustrated hy 



a representation of two companies of soldiers, showing the 



comparati\e mortality from flies and bullets during the 



pj Spanish-American war. One company confronted })y a 



cannon, sufli'ers the loss of one man wounded; another facing 



a tube of typhoid germs — distributed by flies — has one dead and thirteen 



in the hospital. 



Wall drawings near by show how the fly may carry typhoid bacilli on its 

 foot, with the nnmberof bacteria foimd on flies in sanitary and imsanitary 

 surroundings; and illustrate the allied species, the stable fly, which it is 

 thought may carry infant paralysis and other diseases. 



Nearby are two models showing unsanitary and sanitary conditions 

 on a small farm. In one, pools of stagnant water and uncovered manure 

 heaps and general uncleanliness favor the breeding of mosquitoes and flies, 

 while the open doors and windows gi\e these insects free access to the house. 

 In the other, the swampy land is drained and cultivated, the windows 

 screened, the shallow dug well replaced by a driven well; the conditions 

 are sanitary and health and prosperity replace sickness and poverty. 



Various types of traps for larvae and adult flies are shown with models 

 illustrating how fly breeding may be prevented and how human wastes may 

 be protected from their access. 



The relation of the flea and the rat to the terrible disease bubonic plague 



is illustrated in considerable detail. Wall charts illustrate 



d B h * ^^^^ spread of the great historic epidemics of this disease and 



Plague reproductions of sixteenth and seventeenth century drawings 



show with what terror the Black Death w^as regarded in 



pre-scientific da\^s. The chief carrier of the disease, the flea, is shown in 



a remarkable model 120 times the length of the actual insect and having 



the bulk of 1,728,000 fleas, prepared by Ignaz Matauseh. 



Specimens of some of the principal animals which harbor the plague germ 

 and serve as reservoirs from Avhich it is carried bv the flea to man (the black, 



