fxniAXs or M.wnM'T.w islaxd 5 



'V\\v M:inh;in:i!i ;iiul their iiciiilihois. unlike tlie lii(li;iiis west ;iii(l 

 north of them, wore no shiits of eo;its. Iiistend, they eoxcred the iippef 

 l)arts of thcnr Ixxhes with r()l)es made of (h'esscd deerskin, or wolf, 

 wildcat, or l)ear fur, or of tlu* shinnuerinji; leatliei's of tlie wild luikc}', 

 neatly attaeh(>d to a netted fabfic. So closely and carefully- were these 

 featlieis api)Hed that they are said to have shed the lain. 



Tlu^ men also wore loin cloths or brocH'hclouts of dressed leathei-, and 

 leg'^in^s and moccasins of tlu^ same material. The moccasins of all the 

 Indian tribes cast of the Mississii)j)i had one i)()int in conunon, they were 

 soft-soled, but west of the ^lississippi rej>;i()n the tribes of the i)rairios 

 used hard flat soles of rawhide^ for tlunr shoes. 



In addition to this costume, the warriors wore necklaces of dyvd deer 

 luiir, of native copper or shell beads, or of wampum; and often they hung; 

 over their chests pendants of stone or gorgets, such as are still to be found 

 occasionally upon the sites of their old camps. They also painted their 

 faces with various pigments, especially red and black, w^hich the}^ ob- 

 tained from limonite and graphite fragments. To this day one may 

 find in the debris of an abandoned Indian village bits of these paint stones 

 showing the striated markings of the stone scrapers with which the color 

 was removed for use. The Manhattan, being a part of the Delaw^are 

 tribe, an important group of the Algonkin stock, probably followed the 

 ancient Delaware custom of tattooing their bodies, wdth designs repre- 

 senting their dreams and warlike exploits. 



Old paintings of the Delaware show^ us that they wore their knives, 

 and even their tobacco pipes and pouches, suspended from their necks. 

 The reason for wearing their knives in this position, old Indians of some 

 of the central western tribes declare, w^as so that they could be more 

 readily seized at a moment's notice. Besides his deerskin tobacco pouch 

 with its dyed hair and porcupine quill embroidery and leathern fringe, 

 each w^arrior carried a w^ar club, carved of wood, wdth a ball-shaped head 

 set at right angles from the handle, and a six-foot bow and a quiver con- 

 taining flint, bone, or antler-tipped arrows. 



The women w^ere differently clothed from the men. They often 

 wore their hair in a braid, over w^hich they drew a ''square cap" orna- 

 mented with w^ampum. Presmiiably this hair dress was similar to that 

 used by the Winnebago and Sauk and Fox women of the middle wost 

 today, examples of which may be found in the cases in the Woodland 

 Hall under the various tribal designations. 



The women, hke the men, were naked to the waist, save for the robe, 

 which w^as shifted to side to side, according to w^hence the coldest 



